Links

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔R. Avenhaus, N. Kyriakopoulos, M. Richard, and G. Stein, eds. “VERIFYING TREATY COMPLIANCE: Limiting Weapons of Mass Destruction and Monitoring Kyoto Protocol Provisions,” 629. Springer-Verlag, 2006.

❑ Available at:
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540338536
_{International treaties requiring binding commitments on the part of the member states and appropriate compliance verification by an international authority constitute a primary assurance against risks posed by the spread of sensitive technologies that can be used to produce weapons of mass destruction or risks posed by climate changes due to global human activities. This book presents in an interdisciplinary manner experts' analyses
and views of existing verification systems: It gives guidelines and advice for the improvement of those systems as well as for new challenges in the field.}

▒│░     G I D S     ░│▒

✔GIDS - German Insitute for Defence und Strategic Studies, und Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr. „AFRIKA – EIN KONTINENT IM AUFBRUCH - Ergebnisse der Studienphase des Lehrgangs Generalstabs-/Admiralstabsdienst National (LGAN) 2018 – Sammelband“, 334, 2020.

❑Verfügbar unter:
https://gids-hamburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/LGAN2018_Ergebnisband_Afrika.pdf

_{Das Wohlergehen Europas ist mit dem unseres Nachbarn Afrika untrennbar verbunden. Europa und Afrika sind Akteure der globalen Entwicklung. Die partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit den Staaten Afrikas ist daher eine zentrale Aufgabe unserer Zeit. Es liegt im deutschen und europäischen Interesse, zur politischen Stabilität und zu einem Abbau des Entwicklungs­ und Wohlstandsgefälles beizutragen. Es liegt ebenso in Deutschlands Interesse, die Chancen, die eine Partnerschaft mit Afrika bietet, wahrzunehmen (Bundesregierung 2019: 2).}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔María Elósegui, Alina Miron, and Iulia Motoc, eds. “THE RULE OF LAW IN EUROPE: Recent Challenges and Judicial Responses,” 1st ed., 298. Springer International Publishing, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030560003

_{This book discusses the nature of the challenges that have confronted European democracies in recent years. In the past decade, the rule of law in Europe has been put under strain by both external and internal factors. The term “illiberal democracies” is sometimes used to describe the rise of a phenomenon in which the fundamental values of the European legal order, as enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, are called into question. The preservation of the independence of the judiciary, of the freedom of expression and the protection of journalists are among the values under threat. But these challenges are also present within the older democracies in which emergency regimes have become more common. As the European Union’s sanctions regime shows, striking a balance between security and the rule of law, of which fundamental rights are an intrinsic part, is a constant challenge.
Focusing on the European courts’ responses to these threats, the book discusses how courts could provide the ultimate line of defense. The acid test of the rule of law might indeed be how it safeguards the judicial guarantees designed to protect core European values beyond the discretion of government.}

│▒│░     United Nations • Nations Unies     ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF TREATIES. First and Second Sessions. Vienna, 26 March-24 May 1968 and 9 April-22 May 1969. OFFICIAL RECORDS,” 311, 1971.

❑Available at:
https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/docs/A_CONF.39_11_Add.2-E.pdf

✔Nations Unies. « CONFÉRENCE DES NATIONS UNIES SUR LE DROIT DES TRAITÉS. Première et deuxième sessions. Vienne, 26 mars-24 mai 1968 et 9 avril-22 mai 1969. DOCUMENTS OFFICIELS », 336, 1971.

❑Disponible à:
https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/docs/A_CONF.39_11_Add.2-F.pdf

_{This volume contains the documents of the first and second sessions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties.}

_{The summary records of the plenary meetings of the Conference (documents A/CONF.39/SR.l to SR.5 and A/CONF.39/SR.6 to SR.36) and those of the Committee of the Whole (A/CONF.39/C.ljSR.l to SR.83 and A/CONF.39/C.l/SR.84 to SR.l05) are reproduced in documents A/CONF.39/11 and A/CONF.39/ll/Add.l (for further details, see Index to the documents of the Conference, p. iv of this volume).}

_{Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.}

_{Le présent volume contient les documents des deux sessions de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le droit des traités.}

_{Les comptes rendus analytiques des séances plénières de la Conférence (doc. A/CONF. 39/SR.l a SR.5 et A/CONF.39/SR.6 a SR.36) et ceux des séances de la Commission plénière (A/CONF.39/C.l/SR.l a SR.83 et A/CONF.39/C.l/SR.84 a SR.105) sont reproduits dans les documents A/CONF.39/11 et A/CONF.39/11/Add.l (pour plus de détails, voir « Index des documents de la Conférence », p. v du présent volume).}

_{Les cotes des documents de !'Organisation des Nations Unies se composent de lettres majuscules et de chiffres. La mention dans un texte d'une cote ainsi composée signifie qu'il s'agit d'un document de !'Organisation.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Warrick, Thomas, and Joze Pelayo. “IMPROVING COUNTERTERRORISM AND LAW ENFORCEMENT COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE ARAB GULF STATES,” 72. Atlantic Council, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dGikPJ8

_{This report looks at civilian, non-intelligence cooperation for the security of the peoples of the United States and the Arab Gulf states: specifically, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. It focuses primarily on efforts to counter terrorism, whether by terrorist organizations or state sponsors. The use of “law enforcement” here reflects a focus on law enforcement as one means to target terrorists and disrupt their ac-tivities, and also reflects the fact that terrorist organizations often carry out criminal acts to raise funds. The breadth of other law enforcement cooperation is outside the scope of this report.This report does not focus on US-Arab Gulf military cooperation, which has been addressed in other reports by Atlantic Council experts and other leading think tanks, nor cooperation between intelligence services. It focuses on cooperation on the US side by the Departments of Homeland Security, Justice, and Treasury, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and their respective Gulf counterparts. The report does not focus on criminal cooperation between governments without a terrorism nexus, such as occurs on most counternarcotics investigations, intellec-tual property, child exploitation, and other kinds of criminal activity—though measures that enhance cooperation on terrorism cases often benefit other law enforcement cooperation.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Andreas Bucher, Andrea Bonomi, Andrea Braconi, Philippe Ducor, Louis Gaillard, Florence Guillaume, et Pierre-Yves Tschanz. « LOI SUR LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL PRIVÉ. CONVENTION DE LUGANO », 1ʳᵉ éd., 2135. Helbing Lichtenhahn Verlag, 2011.

❑Disponible à:
https://www.amazon.nl/Loi-droit-international-priv%C3%A9-LDIP/dp/3719021513

_{Réunissant des auteurs provenant du monde académique, de la magistrature et du barreau, l’ouvrage constitue le premier commentaire réunissant tant l’analyse de la loi sur le droit international privé que la présentation de la Convention révisée de Lugano. L’accent étant mis sur la jurisprudence, le praticien et le chercheur y trouveront un fond de ressources complet sur le droit international privé suisse. L’ouvrage porte sur toutes les matières, tels le droit de la famille et des successions, les droits réels et titres intermédiés, le droit des obligations, les trusts et les sociétés ainsi que la faillite. Il comprend également un commentaire actualisé du droit de l’arbitrage international. Toutes ces matières sont examinées également dans le contexte de la Convention de Lugano, dans la mesure où celle-ci leur est applicable. L’ouvrage comprend: le texte légal de la LDIP dans les trois langues officielles et l’anglais, le texte de la CL lui est reproduit en français; un commentaire systématique et pratique de l’ensemble des dispositions de la loi sur le droit international privé du 18 décembre 1987 et de la nouvelle Convention de Lugano; outre la bibliographie générale, des bibliographies spéciales nombreuses et fouillées relatives à tous les points clés des textes; un index facilitant une approche par mots-clés.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Reinmar Wolff. “NEW YORK CONVENTION,” 2nd ed., 752. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.

❑Available at:
https://www.bloomsburyprofessional.com/uk/new-york-convention-9781509923854/

_{The New York Convention is the most successful (and most important) treaty in the field of international trade law. This commentary provides a comprehensive in-depth discussion of the Convention's sixteen articles while outlining and contributing the expert opinions of the authors to the contemporary global discourse surrounding each. The first edition has not only become a respected point of reference for legal professionals and academics, but has also been drawn upon by courts around the world. The second edition brings the treatise up to date and reflects the most recent developments. Its target group includes lawyers, in-house counsel, judges, and academics.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Ilias Bantekas. “AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION.” 392. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

❑Available at:
https://www.amazon.de/Introduction-International-Arbitration-Ilias-Bantekas/dp/1107111072

_{This concise yet comprehensive textbook introduces the reader to the law and practice of international arbitration. Arbitration is a complex field due to the variety of disciplines involved and necessitates an approach that takes nothing for granted. Written by a renowned scholar and practitioner, this book explains the divergent issues of civil procedure, contracts, conflict of laws, international law amongst others in an accessible manner. Focusing mainly on international commercial arbitration, the book also features a distinct chapter on consumer and online arbitration and an equally comprehensive chapter on international investment arbitration.}

^{Ilias Bantekas is Professor of International Law and Human Rights at Brunel University and a senior fellow at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London. He has advised law firms, governments and international organisations in most areas of international law, including international arbitration. Alongside his academic career he served as head of international law and arbitration at a Legal500 law firm.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Clifford A. Jones. “Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law in the EU, UK and USA,” 312. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

❑Available at:
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/private-enforcement-of-antitrust-law-in-the-eu-uk-and-usa-9780198268680

_{This book provides the first detailed examination of how private individuals and companies can enforce their rights under competition law against other private parties in the EU and UK. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal basis for private antitrust enforcement both under EC and the new UK law, and of the available procedures and remedies.}

▒││░    McGill University • Université McGill    ░││▒

✔Frédéric Bachand. “CONSENSUAL ARBITRATION IN QUEBEC.” McGill University. Faculty of Law. Accessed March 23, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.mcgill.ca/arbitration/general

✔Frédéric Bachand. « L’ARBITRAGE COMVENTIONNEL AU QUÉBEC ». Université McGill. Faculté de droit. Consulté le 23 mars 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.mcgill.ca/arbitration/fr/general

_{Consensual arbitration is a dispute resolution process whereby the parties confer on one or more persons, the arbitrator(s), the power to resolve a dispute by making a decision which -- in principle -- is final, binding and enforceable, just like a court judgment. Think of arbitrators as private judges.
Consensual arbitration has to be distinguished from mediation - a dispute resolution process whereby the parties attempt to settle their dispute with the help of an independent third party, the mediator. The mediator's task is limited to helping the parties to resolve the dispute in an amicable manner; unlike a judge or an arbitrator, the mediator does not have the power to issue a final and binding decision.}

_{L'arbitrage conventionnel est un mode de résolution de litiges en vertu duquel les parties confèrent à un ou plusieurs tiers, le ou les arbitre(s), le pouvoir de trancher un litige en rendant une décision qui est -- en principe -- finale, obligatoire et exécutoire, comme l'est une décision judiciaire. Les arbitres sont en quelque sorte des juges privés.
L'arbitrage conventionnel doit être distingué de la médiation, un autre mode extrajudiciaire de résolution de litiges en vertu duquel les efforts des parties de régler à l'amiable un litige les opposant seront facilités par l'intervention d'un tiers indépendant, le médiateur. Sa tâche se limite à suggérer aux parties des moyens de régler le litige à l'amiable; contrairement à un juge ou à un arbitre, le tiers n'a pas le pouvoir de trancher le litige de manière finale et obligatoire.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Sandra Renschke and Claus Thiery. “RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN GERMANY.” CMS, May 11, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/cms-expert-guide-to-recognition-and-enforcement-of-judgements/germany

_{Are you looking for information on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Germany? In this CMS Expert Guide, we tell you all about it.}

││▒ ░     Wikipedia     ░ ▒││

✔„STAATSVERTRAG“. In Wikipedia, 21. November 2020.

❑Verfügbar unter:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsvertrag

_{Verträge können nicht nur – gegenseitig oder untereinander – zwischen natürlichen Personen oder Unternehmen geschlossen werden, sondern auch zwischen Staaten. Sie bilden dann einen Teil des Völkerrechts. Der Inhalt muss über das bloße Verwaltungsabkommen – das von der Exekutive auch ohne Mitwirkung des Gesetzgebers abgeschlossen werden kann – hinausgehen. Im engeren Sinne handelt es sich bei einem Staatsvertrag um ein internationales Übereinkommen, das völkerrechtlichen Rang hat und zwischen zwei oder mehreren Staaten vereinbart worden ist. Verträge zwischen zwei Staaten nennt man ‚bilateral‘, solche zwischen mehreren Staaten haben pluri- oder multilateralen Charakter. Staatsverträge regeln in Deutschland die politischen Beziehungen des Bundes oder beziehen sich auf Gegenstände der Bundesgesetzgebung. Die Inhalte des Staatsvertrags können innerstaatlich nur umgesetzt werden, wenn gesetzgeberische Akte seine Inhalte in Gesetze übertragen.}

_{Der Sprachgebrauch für Staatsvertrag ist im deutschen Sprachraum nicht einheitlich. Für gewöhnlich werden auch solche Übereinkünfte Staatsvertrag genannt, die ein Staatsorgan mit anderen Organisationen abschließt, etwa mit Nichtregierungsorganisationen (in der Schweiz und in Deutschland) oder ein so genannter Staatskirchenvertrag mit einer Religions- oder Weltanschauungsgemeinschaft.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Xiouri, Maria. “THE BREACH OF A TREATY: State Responses in International Law.”. 364. Brill Nijhoff, 2021. Accessed March 13, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://brill.com/view/title/36220

_{In The Breach of a Treaty: State Responses in International Law, Maria Xiouri examines the relationship between responses to the breach of a treaty according to the law of treaties and the law of State responsibility, namely, between the termination of the treaty or the suspension of its operation and countermeasures.
Based on extensive analysis of State practice, the relevant legal instruments, international case law and literature, the book critically examines the concept of responses to the breach of a treaty, their legal regime and their operation in practice. It focuses on suspension of the operation of a treaty and countermeasures, challenging the prevailing view that there is a clear distinction between them, and argues that the former has been effectively superseded by the latter.}

│▒│░    United Nations • Nations Unies    ░│▒│

✔YouTube - United Nations. International Women’s Day 2021 - UN & UN WOMEN PRESENT #IWD2021. Accessed March 8, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyOOQ_6L-2I

_{Special video message by Eva Longoria, Actress, Activist, Producer and Philanthropist
Musical performances by Angelica Hale, Pihcintu Chorus, and Broadway Singers}

_{Hosted by Sophia Pierre-Antoine, PSEA Officer at IOM HQ and Former Board Co-Chair of FRIDA Young Feminist Fund}

<sub>Speakers include:
- H.E. António Guterres, Secretary General of the United Nations
- H.E. Volkan Bozkir, President of the UN General Assembly
- H.E. Mher Margaryan, Chair of the 65th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women
- Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women
- Somaya Faruqi, member of the Afghan Girls Robotic Team</sub>

<sub>Panel discussion on women’s leadership in a COVID-19 world moderated by Mr. Eddie Ndopu, SDG and disability rights advocate:
- H.E. Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland
- H.E. Elizabeth Gomez Alcorta, Minister of Women, Gender and Diversity of Argentina
- Aya Chebbi, Outgoing African Union Youth Envoy, Chair of Africa Young Women Manifesto Group
- Xiye Bastida, Climate justice activist and co-founder of Re-Earth Initiative

Generation Equality Forum segment featuring key messages from:
- H.E. Élisabeth Moreno, Minister for Gender Equality, Diversity and Equal Opportunities of France
- Representative of the Government of Mexico
- Chamathya Fernando and Anika Jane Dorothy, Members of the GEF Youth Task Force
- Zoneziwoh Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Member of the GEF Civil Society Advisory Group</sub>

_{Panel discussion on the Generation Equality Forum Action Coalitions and the Women, Peace and Security and Humanitarian Action Compact.}

░ ▒ │ OHCHR • HCDH │ ▒ ░

✔OHCHR - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. “COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.” Accessed March 8, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cedaw/pages/cedawindex.aspx

✔HCDH - Bureau du Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l’homme. « COMITÉ POUR L'ÉLIMINATION DE LA DISCRIMINATION À L'ÉGARD DES FEMMES ». Consulté le 8 mars 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.ohchr.org/fr/hrbodies/cedaw/pages/cedawindex.aspx

_{The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is the body of independent experts that monitors implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.}

_{Le Comité pour l’élimination de la discrimination à l’égard des femmes est un organe composé d’experts indépendants qui surveille la mise en œuvre de la Convention sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l’égard des femmes.}

░│▒     ILO • OIT     ▒│░

✔International Labour Organization. “RATIFICATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL CONVENTIONS BY COUNTRY.” Accessed March 7, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dE_X7Cz

✔Organisation Internationale du Travail. « RATIFICATIONS DE CONVENTIONS FONDAMENTALES PAR PAYS ». Consulté le 7 mars 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dHvBqfX

_{What are Fundamental Conventions?
There are eight Fundamental Conventions. They cover subjects that are considered fundamental principles and rights at work: freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour; the effective abolition of child labour; and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.}

_{Que sont les conventions fondamentales ?
Le Conseil d'administration du BIT a qualifié de "fondamentales" huit conventions qui traitent de questions considérées comme des principes et des droits fondamentaux au travail: liberté syndicale et reconnaissance effective du droit de négociation collective, élimination de toute forme de travail forcé ou obligatoire, abolition effective du travail des enfants et élimination de la discrimination en matière d'emploi et de profession. En 1995, l'Organisation a lancé une campagne visant à obtenir la ratification universelle de ces huit conventions fondamentales.}

░ C ░ A ░ N ░ A ░ D ░ A ░

✔YouTube. Canada’s History, A geographical perspective on the Numbered Treaties in Canada, 2017.

❑Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeuDx-rlnpk

_{Presentation by Connie Wyatt Anderson.
This webinar is part of the Treaties and the Treaty Relationship webinar series. This series is created in collaboration with the Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba.
About this webinar: This webinar provides a geographical perspective on the Numbered Treaties in Canada. It focuses on where the Numbered Treaties are located, traditional indigenous place names, traditional territory acknowledgments and the learning resources found in the Treaty Education Kit that support these themes.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Nisrine Abiad. “SHARIA, MUSLIM STATES AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY OBLIGATIONS: A Comparative Study.” 240. British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL), 2008.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/drEBxQh

_{This research - undertaken from a comparative perspective with a view to identifying any patterns followed by Islamic countries in making declarations and reservations to the main international human rights treaties - measures and analyzes to what extent Sharia affects the ratification and implementation of human rights norms by Muslim States. An analysis of the various roles of Sharia reveals different approaches in the use of Islamic considerations by Muslim States. At an international level, Sharia has always been used upon the ratification of international human rights treaties to limit the scope of the State's engagement. Internally, however, some recent examples of legislative amendments and judicial activities demonstrate that Sharia is and can be used to achieve a better translation of human rights norms into domestic practice.}

░ F ░ R ░ A ░ N ░ C ░ E ░

✔Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. « TRAITÉS ET ACCORDS ». France Diplomatie - Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. Consulté le 1 mars 2021.

❑Disponible à:

https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/archives-diplomatiques/s-orienter-dans-les-fonds-et-collections/traites-et-accords/

_{Les Archives diplomatiques conservent les accords signés par la France depuis les débuts du service, au XVIIe siècle. Sont regroupés dans un dépôt particulier les textes des accords, ainsi que toutes les pièces qui y sont relatives : pouvoirs, instruments de ratifications, d’adhésions, d’approbation, etc.}

_{La loi du Ier nivôse an VIII (22 décembre 1799) consacre et entérine l’existence des archives des Affaires étrangères en tant que service autonome, chargé de conserver non seulement les correspondances diplomatiques et consulaires, mais aussi les traités et accords de la France.}

_{Après la Libération, la salle des Traités de la France au Quai d’Orsay est reconstruite en forme de rotonde par l’architecte et décorateur Jean Niermans. En décembre 1995, une exposition organisée à la Monnaie de Paris dévoile au public de grands traités historiques, pour la plupart jamais exposés auparavant. En 2009, la collection des Traités est transférée au centre de La Courneuve avec l’ensemble des fonds parisiens.}

_{Malgré quelques lacunes, la collection est presque continue. La base Traités et Accords et de la France présente de manière exhaustive les traités signés par la France (dans les limites, toutefois que lui impose la loi). On y trouve les grands traités cités dans les livres d’histoire.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Tania Voon. “TRADE LIBERALISATION AND INTERNATIONAL CO-COOPERATION. A Legal Analysis of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement.” 296. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. Accessed March 1, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/trade-liberalisation-and-international-co-operation-9781782546771.html

_{This book provides a detailed analysis of major legal and public policy issues arising from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) – a treaty that will dramatically change the landscape of international trade, with effects that will be felt on a global scale.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Bernard Hanotiau. “COMPLEX ARBITRATIONS: Multi-Party, Multi-Contract & Multi-Issue, Second Edition.” 610. 2nd ed. Wolters Kluwer, 2020. Accessed February 28, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/eUEfu4T

_{Complex Arbitrations: Multi-party, Multi-contract and Multi-issue is a fully updated and renewed second edition of the far-sighted 2006 guide that was extensively used and much appreciated worldwide. Arbitrations which involve two or more parties and complex multi-party issues are becoming very common and frequent year by year. This one-stop guide provides a comprehensive and unique in-depth analysis of the multiplicity of issues arising from multi-party and multi-contract arbitration. It includes the decisions of several hundreds of courts from all major arbitral jurisdictions in the world and ad hoc and institutional awards – published and unpublished – rendered in all parts of the world under the auspices of all leading institutions.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Richard Gardiner, “TREATY INTERPRETATION,", Second Edition, Oxford International Law Library (Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), 568.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/djFXwtv

_{This series features works on substantial topics in international law which provide authoritative statements of the chosen areas. Taken together they map out the whole of international law in a set of scholarly reference works and treatises intended to be of use to scholars, practitioners, and students.}

_{This book provides a guide to interpreting treaties properly in accordance with the modern rules for treaty interpretation which are codified in the 'Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties'. These rules now apply to virtually all treaties both in an international context and within many national legal systems where treaties have an impact on a large and growing range of matters. Lawyers, administrators, diplomats, and officials at international organisations are increasingly likely to encounter issues of treaty interpretation which require not only knowledge of the relevant rules but also how these rules have been, and are to be, applied in practice.}

_{There is now a considerable body of case law on application of the codified rules. This case law, combined with the history and analysis of the rules, provides a basis for understanding this most important task in the application of treaties internationally and within national systems of law. Any lawyer who ever has to consider international matters, and increasingly any lawyer whose work involves domestic legislation with any international connection, is at risk nowadays of encountering a treaty provision which requires interpretation, whether the treaty provision is explicitly in issue or is the source of the relevant legislation.}

_{This expanded edition includes consideration of a range of recent cases, takes account of relevant work of the International Law Commission, and has new material addressing matters raised in the growing body of literature on treaty interpretation.}

░│ OSCE │░

✔OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. “HANDBOOK ON COMBATING CORRUPTION,” 241. Switzerland: Organization for security and Co-operation in Europe, 2016.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/ewHfQBE

_{With 57 participating States in North America, Europe and Asia, and 11 Partner countries for Co-operation,1 the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world’s largest regional security organization. It offers a forum for political negotiations and decision-making in early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation, and has a unique network of 17 field operations across South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus and Central Asia.The OSCE takes a comprehensive approach to security that encompasses the politico-military, economic and environmental, and human dimensions. Promoting good governance, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering efforts are an integral part of this comprehensive approach.}

▒││   Microsoft   ││▒

✔Microsoft, ‘PROTECTING PEOPLE IN CYBERSPACE: The Vital Role of the United Nations in 2020’, December 2019, 6. United Nations. Accessed February 27, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.un.org/disarmament/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/protecting-people-in-cyberspace-december-2019.pdf

_{The United Nations this year launched two important initiatives on cybersecurity, a Group of Governmental Experts (GGE), wherein representatives of 25 countries will focus on “advancing responsible State behaviour in cyberspace,”1 and an Open Ended Working Group (OEWG), open to all Member States as well as a limited number of non-governmental actors.}

_{Microsoft is encouraged that the United Nations (UN) has organized the first-ever multistakeholder cybersecurity conference with industry, non-governmental organizations, and academia. The conference is set to take place at UN Headquarters from December 2-4. We are honored to be among the participants and look forward to contributing to the discussion. This paper outlines our thinking on issues relevant to the conference.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Reuter, Paul. « INTRODUCTION AU DROIT DES TRAITÉS (International) », 3e édition revue et augmentée., 251. Graduate Institute Publications, 2014. Consulté le 27 février 2021.

❑Disponible à:
https://www.amazon.fr/Introduction-droit-trait%C3%A9s-Paul-Reuter-ebook/dp/B00T8I4SF8

_{Cet ouvrage est une version mise à jour et approfondie d'une étude publiée d'abord en 1972 par les Éditions A. Colin, puis par les Presses Universitaires de France en 1985. Il porte sur un des sujets les plus fondamentaux du droit international public, à savoir le droit des traités. Commentaire de la Convention de Vienne relative au droit des traités de 1969, ce livre a d'emblée recueilli un succès considérable aussi bien auprès des spécialistes que des étudiants, devenant rapidement un instrument de travail indispensable pour tous ceux qui sont concernés par cette nouvelle œuvre de codification. L'édition actuelle, entièrement remaniée, se réfère aussi à la Convention de Vienne de 1982 sur les traités conclus par les organisations internationales.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔John Norton Moore, “TREATY INTERPRETATION; THE CONSTITUTION AND THE RULE OF LAW” (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y: Oceana TM, 2001), 172.

❑Available at:
https://www.amazon.fr/Treaty-Interpretation-Constitution-Rule-Law/dp/0379214431

_{Treaty Interpretation illustrates a real world example of constitutional theory in practice. The separation of powers, as envisioned by our constitutional framers, has been a struggle of constant raging issues concerning war powers, treaty powers, information flow, and the control of intelligence. This book addresses crucial constitutional questions such as whether the United States should follow the normal international legal standard in treaty interpretation as rooted in the intent of the treaty parties, or follow a new 'dual' standard of interpretation ostensibly rooted in the intent of the Senate.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Christian Tomuschat and Jean-Marc Thouvenin. (Eds.). “THE FUNDAMENTAL RULES OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER. JUS COGENS AND OBLIGATIONS ERGA OMNES” (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff, 2006), 474.

❑Available at:
https://brill.com/view/title/12587

_{Jus cogens has become one of the most frequently used arguments in international law. Some authors ride roughshod over the traditional regimes, claiming that the effectiveness of jus cogens or obligations erga omnes must be the paramount consideration in any conceivable instances, even concerning their indirect repercussions. This book, the outgrowth of a joint reflection by French and German international lawyers, attempts to reconceptualize the doctrine of hierarchy in international law by emphasizing that a clear distinction should be drawn between primary rules, which encapsulate precepts for the protection of the basic values of the international community, and secondary rules, which determine the regime of legal consequences flowing from a breach of such rules of conduct. It will thus contribute to clarifying the true meaning of jus cogens and other similar concepts not only for the sake of academic determinacy, but also for such practical purposes as jurisdictional immunities.}

▒││ Institut for Menneskerettigheder ││▒

✔The Danish Institute for Human Rights, “MAKING THE LINK BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.” SDG - Human Rights Data Explorer, accessed February 25, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://sdgdata.humanrights.dk/en/node/1

_{The 2030 Agenda is grounded in international human rights treaties, and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals seek to realise the human rights of all, and to leave no one behind. Concretely, more than 92% of SDG targets reflect specific provisions of international human rights and labour standards.}

_{This means that the systematic qualitative analysis, data and recommendations of human rights monitoring bodies and mechanisms hold essential guidance for realising both human rights obligations and SDG commitments.}

_{Operationalising the links between human rights and the SDGs, and making use of human rights recommendations in national SDG implementation strategies, strengthens efficiency and policy coherence, increases accountability, and ensures that no one is left behind.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Maljean-Dubois, Sandrine. LE DROIT INTERNATIONAL DE LA BIODIVERSITÉ. Brill Nijhoff, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://brill.com/view/title/60154

_{Par leur globalité et leur gravité, les menaces pesant sur la biodiversité font naître un pressant besoin de droit international. Les États ont adopté en 1992, sous l’égide des Nations Unies, la Convention sur la diversité biologique. De nombreuses conventions sectorielles et/ou régionales coexistent à ses côtés, ainsi qu’un ensemble de règles coutumières. L’étude du droit international de la biodiversité conduit aussi à dépasser les enjeux de protection ou préservation pour aborder les questions que posent l’utilisation et l’exploitation de la biodiversité. En cela, le droit international de la biodiversité entre en interactions, et parfois en conflit, avec d’autres règles du droit international.
L’ambition de cet ouvrage n’est pas d’offrir une présentation exhaustive d’une matière abondante mais encore éparse, mais bien plutôt de participer à sa conceptualisation. Le droit international de la biodiversité est aussi un excellent laboratoire pour étudier les évolutions en cours du droit international contemporain, notamment l’institutionnalisation de la coopération, le développement d’un droit dérivé, l’articulation entre les règles coutumières et conventionnelles, les mécanismes de contrôle et d’accompagnement de l’État innovants.}

▒│░     HeinOnline     ░│▒

✔"WORLD TREATY LIBRARY - This monumental collection brings together Rohn, Dumont, Bevans, Martens, League of Nations, United States, and United Nations treaties into one easy-to-use and fully searchable database. Search a comprehensive treaty index by keywords, title, parties, sign date or citation. Also included are hundreds of related treaty publications, scholarly articles chosen by our editors, and a bibliography of related publications.,” HeinOnline, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dCBtaUz

_{HeinOnline is a premier online database containing more than 191 million pages and 298,000 titles of historical and government documents in a fully searchable, image-based format. HeinOnline bridges an important research gap by providing comprehensive coverage from inception of more than 2,900 law-related periodicals. In addition to its vast collection of academic journals, HeinOnline contains the entire Congressional Record, Federal Register, and Code of Federal Regulations, complete coverage of the U.S. Reports back to 1754, and entire databases dedicated to treaties, constitutions, case law, world trials, classic treatises, international trade, foreign relations, U.S. Presidents, and much more.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Baudenbacher, Carl, ed. “THE HANDBOOK OF EEA LAW.” Springer International Publishing, 2016. Accessed February 23, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24343-6

_{This Handbook comprehensively addresses the breadth of law encompassed by the EEA Agreement, which extends the European Union’s Single Market to three EFTA countries: Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.}

_{The Handbook is first and foremost intended for practitioners and legal scholars, but its approachable style makes it readily accessible for students. The Handbook provides the reader with a thorough grounding in the EEA Agreement, detailing how secondary EU law becomes applicable in the EFTA pillar, and the roles played by the EFTA Surveillance Authority and the EFTA Court. It considers the EEA Agreement from the respective perspectives of the national authorities, courts, and the legal professions of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The book meticulously examines substantive EEA law, beginning with the general principles and the four freedoms, through competition law and State aid to such aspects as the precautionary principle, tax law and mutual administrative and legal assistance. Emphasis is placed on jurisprudence and especially that of the EFTA Court.}

▒ │ ░ WIPO • OMPI ░ │ ▒

✔WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization. “Summaries of Conventions, Treaties and Agreements Administered by WIPO,” 60, 2013.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dHEiWi4

✔OMPI - Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle. « Résumés des conventions, traités et arrangements administrés par l’OMPI », 62, 2013.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dWJd-DF

_{The WIPO Convention, the constituent instrument of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), was signed at Stockholm on July 14, 1967, entered into force in 1970 and was amended in 1979. WIPO is an intergovernmental organization that became in 1974 one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations system of organizations.
The origins of WIPO go back to 1883 and 1886 when the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, respectively, were concluded. Both Conventions provided for the establishment of an “International Bureau”. The two bureaus were united in 1893 and, in 1970, were replaced by the World Intellectual Property Organization, by virtue of the WIPO Convention.}

_{La Convention instituant l’OMPI, qui est l’acte constitutif de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OMPI), a été signée à Stockholm le 14 juillet 1967, est entrée en vigueur en 1970 et a été modifiée en 1979. L’OMPI est une organisation intergouverne-mentale qui est devenue, en 1974, une institu-tion spécialisée des Nations Unies.
Les origines de l’OMPI remontent à 1883 et 1886, années au cours desquelles furent adoptées, respectivement, la Convention de Paris pour la protection de la propriété in-dustrielle et la Convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistiques. Ces deux conventions prévoyaient chacune la mise en place d’un “bureau international”. Les deux bureaux ont été réunis en 1893 et, en 1970, ont été remplacés par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle, en vertu de la Convention instituant l’OMPI.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Mario Mendez, Constitutional review of treaties: Lessons for comparative constitutional design and practice, International Journal of Constitutional Law, Volume 15, Issue 1, 1 January 2017, Pages 84–109.

❑Available at:
https://academic.oup.com/icon/article/15/1/84/3068322

_{The changing remit of treaty making, such that treaties can be just as capable of negatively impacting on domestic constitutional values as ordinary legislation, results in it warranting appropriate mechanisms of domestic constitutional review. Treaties should not be exempt from what is a staple component of modern constitutionalism. There is a powerful case for constitutional systems to adopt, whether as a matter of express design or practice, both ex ante and ex post constitutional review of treaties. The concern that ex post review of treaties would threaten compliance with treaty obligations is misplaced given that it can be designed and practiced fully compatibly with international law obligations. The adoption of such a combined system of review would contribute to ensuring that treaty making does not escape the salutary reach of domestic constitutionalism, which is all the more indispensable in the absence of meaningful international law constraints on the process and substantive content of treaty making. And by ensuring greater respect for constitutional standards in the treaty-making process, including fundamental rights that are central to international law itself, this can even bolster the legitimacy of international law.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔United Nations Web TV. “HELMUT TUERK ON LANDLOCKED STATES AND THE LAW OF THE SEA.” Codification Division. Office of Legal Affairs. Accessed February 20, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dM6aB3P

^{❑Judge
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Oct 2005 – Apr 2015
Hamburg, Germany}

_{"The Landlocked States and the Law of the Sea"
The manifold uses of the sea are also of considerable interest to landlocked States which, however, differ from other States in one decisive respect: as they do not border the sea, they need transit across the territory of other States in order to be able to benefit from maritime uses. The lack of a coast of their own further deprives them of exclusive rights with respect to maritime areas.
It has taken quite some time for certain legitimate interests of landlocked States with regard to the sea to be recognized in international law. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 undoubtedly represents a major step forward in this respect by reaffirming and in some ways also extending the nevertheless still rather limited rights of these States regarding maritime uses. Moreover, one of the major and lasting results of the Conference was to heighten the awareness of the international community that the law of the sea is also of considerable importance to landlocked States. Any further development in this field of law in view of continuing technological progress cannot ignore these States if new, universally acceptable legal rules are to be devised.}

▒ │ ░     ICAO • OACI     ░ │ ▒

✔International Civil Aviation Organization. “TREATY COLLECTION.” Accessed February 16, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.icao.int/secretariat/legal/Pages/TreatyCollection.aspx

✔Organisation de l’aviation civile internationale. « RECUEIL DES TRAITÉS ». Consulté le 16 février 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.icao.int/secretariat/legal/Pages/FR/TreatyCollection_FR.aspx

_{ICAO is funded and directed by 193 national governments to support their diplomacy and cooperation in air transport as signatory states to the Chicago Convention (1944).
Its core function is to maintain an administrative and expert bureaucracy (the ICAO Secretariat) supporting these diplomatic interactions, and to research new air transport policy and standardization innovations as directed and endorsed by governments through the ICAO Assembly, or by the ICAO Council which the assembly elects.}

_{L’OACI est financée par 193 gouvernements qui lui donnent mandat d’appuyer leurs activités diplomatiques et leur coopération dans le domaine du transport aérien en tant qu’États signataires de la Convention de Chicago (1944).
Sa fonction essentielle consiste à gérer un appareil administratif composé d’experts (le Secrétariat de l’OACI) appuyant ces échanges diplomatiques, et à étudier des innovations en matière de politique et de normalisation du transport aérien, sur instructions des gouvernements et entérinées par l’intermédiaire de l’ Assemblée de l’OACI, ou du Conseil de l’OACI, élu par l’Assemblée.}

░ A ░ U ░ S ░ T ░ R ░ A ░ L ░ I ░ A ░

✔Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. “AUSTRALIAN TREATIES DATABASE.” Accessed February 16, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/treaties/australian-treaties-database

_{The Australian Treaties Database (ATD) is an online resource for researching treaties to which Australia is a signatory, or where Australia has taken other treaty action. The ATD includes access to the text of the treaty and, where applicable, the accompanying National Interest Analysis.}

_{You can search by subject, date or keyword, or you can search using several words separated by the words 'AND' or 'OR'. Search results include links to the full text of the treaty.}

▒│░│░    UiO    ░│░│▒

✔Universitetet i Oslo - The Faculty of Law. “TREATY DATABASE.” Accessed February 16, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.jus.uio.no/english/services/library/treaties/index.xml

_{The Faculty of Law in Oslo is the oldest and largest educational and research institution within the field of law in Norway.
The Faculty of Law in Oslo educates about 75% of all new legal candidates in Norway, and is the work- and studyplace for about 400 employees and 4 200 students. We are divided into six Departments/Centres in addition to the Administration. The larger part of the Faculty is situated in the classical University buildings in the centre of Oslo.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Baudenbacher, Laura Melusine. „VOM GEMEINEUROPÄISCHEN ZUM EUROPÄISCHEN RECHTSMISSBRAUCHSVERBOT“, 1st edition., 511. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2016.

❑Verfügbar unter:
https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Laura-Melusine-Baudenbacher/dp/3848732025

_{Das Werk untersucht die Entstehung des Rechtsmissbrauchsverbots in den Rechtsordnungen der europäischen Staaten. Es wird analysiert, ob in den Rechten der Civil und Common Law-Staaten ein allgemeines Rechtsmissbrauchsverbot existiert und welche Gemeinsamkeiten die verschiedenen Regelungen aufweisen. Anschließend wird die Rechtsprechung des EuGH und EFTA-Gerichtshofs zu dieser Frage zusammengefasst und ausgewertet. Darauf aufbauend werden das Rechtsmissbrauchsverbot und seine Elemente auf EU bzw. EWR-Ebene definiert. Schließlich werden gemeineuropäisches Recht und Europarecht verglichen. Im Vordergrund der Arbeit steht die wirtschafts- und sozialpolitische Funktion des Rechtsmissbrauchsverbots im gemeineuropäischen und im europäischen Recht.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔The Wassenaar Arrangement. “THE WASSENAAR ARRANGEMENT,” December 17, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://www.wassenaar.org/

✔L’Arrangement de Wassenaar. « L’ARRANGEMENT DE WASSENAAR », 17 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.wassenaar.org/fr/

✔Das Wassenaar Arrangement. „DAS WASSENAAR ARRANGEMENT“, 17. Dezember 2020.

❑Verfügbar unter:
https://www.wassenaar.org/de/

_{The Wassenaar Arrangement has been established in order to contribute to regional and international security and stability, by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies, thus preventing destabilising accumulations. The aim is also to prevent the acquisition of these items by terrorists.}

_{Participating States seek, through their national policies, to ensure that transfers of these items do not contribute to the development or enhancement of military capabilities which undermine these goals, and are not diverted to support such capabilities.}

_{L’Arrangement de Wassenaar a été mis en place afin de contribuer à la sécurité et à la stabilité régionales, en promouvant la transparence et une responsabilité accrue dans les transferts d’armes conventionnelles et de biens et technologies à double usage, afin de prévenir les accumulations déstabilisantes d’armements. Son but est également de prévenir l’acquisition de ces matériels par des terroristes.}

_{Les Etats participants à l’Arrangement de Wassenaar cherchent, au travers de leurs politiques nationales, à s’assurer que les transferts de ces matériels ne contribueront pas au développement ou à l’accroissement de capacités militaires qui puissent affaiblir ces objectifs, et ne soient pas détournées pour soutenir de telles capacités.}

_{Das Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) wurde geschaffen, um einen Beitrag zur regionalen und internationalen Sicherheit und Stabilität zu leisten, indem Transparenz und ein verantwortungsvolleres Handeln bei Exporten von konventionellen Rüstungsgütern und Dual-Use-Gütern (Waren, Software und Technologie) gefördert und auf diese Weise destabilisierende Waffenanhäufungen verhindert werden. Ziel ist es auch, den Erwerb dieser Güter durch Terroristen zu verhindern.}

_{Die Teilnehmerstaaten versuchen, über ihre nationale Politik zu verhindern, dass Exporte dieser Güter zur Entwicklung oder zum Ausbau militärischer Fähigkeiten beitragen, die diesen Zielsetzungen zuwiderlaufen, und zur Unterstützung derartiger Fähigkeiten umgeleitet werden.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Baudenbacher, Carl, ed. “THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF EEA LAW: EEA-Ities.” Springer International Publishing, 2017. Accessed February 14, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319451886

_{This book features eleven contributions on the fundamental principles of EEA law: legislative and judicial homogeneity, reciprocity, prosperity, priority, authority, loyalty, proportionality, equality, liability and sovereignty. Written by EFTA Court and national judges, high EFTA officials, private practitioners and scholars, it raises awareness of EEA law and provides insights for EEA and EU law practitioners and researchers. It focuses on the principles at the core of EEA law, some of which are common to EU and EEA law, while others have a specific place in EEA law and some ensure consistency between the EEA Agreement and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It is the only book to focus on the fundamental principles of EEA law.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “eSubscription to United Nations Documents.” Accessed February 12, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://undocs.org/

 
✔Nations Unies. « Service d’abonnement électronique aux documents de l’ONU ». Consulté le 12 février 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://undocs.org/fr

_{To access an official UN document, simply select the new Quick Link URL – undocs.org.}

_{Documents are arranged according to official UN symbols. General Assembly documents, for example, are assigned the unique symbol ‘A’, and are further identified by session and document number. Hence, typing in undocs.org/A/65/537 in a web browser will allow you to bypass additional Official Document System related search steps and will result in immediate access to the specific GA document.}

_{Similarly, Security Council documents are assigned the unique symbol ‘S’. To find a particular Security Council Resolution, you would only need to type in undocs.org/S/RES/1969(2011). For more information on UN Document Symbols, please refer to the Research Guide to United Nations Document Symbols.}

_{Pour accéder à un document de l'ONU, il suffit de cliquer sur le lien direct: undocs.org.}

_{Les documents sont classés par cote. Par exemple, la cote des documents de l'Assemblée générale commence par un "A", suivi du numéro de session et du numéro de document. Ainsi, en tapant undocs.org/A/65/537 dans votre navigateur, vous accèderez directement au document A/65/537, sans passer par l'interface de recherche du Système de diffusion électronique des documents (SÉDOC).}

_{La cote des documents du Conseil de sécurité commence par un "S". Pour trouver la résolution 1969 (2011) du Conseil, il suffit de taper undocs.org/S/RES/1969(2011). Pour en savoir plus sur les cotes des documents de l'ONU, veuillez consulter le guide de recherche intitulé "Cote des documents de l'ONU".}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔De Brabandere, Eric. “INVESTMENT TREATY ARBITRATION AS PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW: Procedural Aspects and Implications.” Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

❑Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107589216

_{Investment treaty arbitration is fast becoming one of the most common methods of dispute settlement in international law. Despite having ancient roots, tensions remain between the private interests in international investment relations and the public international law features of the arbitral procedure. This book, which presents an account of investment treaty arbitration as a part of public international law - as opposed to commercial law - provides an important contribution to the literature on this subject. Eric De Brabandere examines the procedural implications of conceiving of investment treaty arbitration in such a way, with regard to issues such as the principles of confidentiality and privacy, and remedies. The author demonstrates how the public international law character of investment treaty arbitration derives from, and has impacted upon, the dispute settlement procedure.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Michaela W. Richter. “THE VERFASSUNGSSCHUTZ,” 77. American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. The Johns Hopkins University, 1998.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d_it_gK

_{The Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Amt fürVerfassungsschutz), is one of the German Federal Republic’s three agencies authorized to conduct intelligence operations. Collectively the offices of the federation (Bund) and Germany’s sixteen individual states(Länder) are commonly referred to as the Verfassungsschutz.Conceived as an exclusively domestic intelligence agency, its charge is to collect information on organized groups and parties hostile to the Federal Republic’s constitutional order. The two other intelligence agencies are the Federal Intelligence Service (Bundesnachrichtendienstor BND) and the Military Counterespionage Service (MilitärischerAbschirmdienst or MAD). The BND is primarily responsible for gathering intelligence outside Germany. Like the Central intelligence agency (CIA) in the United States, the BND is barred from undertaking domestic operations. The MAD’s mission is to protect the security of the armed forces.}

_{The Federal Minister of the Interior has responsibility for the federal Verfassungsschutz, while the MAD falls under the administrative authority of the Minister of Defense and the BND under that of the federal Chancellery. In the mid-1970s, a National Security Coordinator was established in the Chancellery to coordinate the work of the three services. Since 1989 this position has been held by State Minister(Staatsminister) Bernd Schmidbauer, who is also a Christian Democratic(CDU) member of the Bundestag.}

▒││░ ░   Eurojust  ░ ░││▒

✔European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation. “EUROJUST LEGAL FRAMEWORK.” Accessed February 6, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.eurojust.europa.eu/about-us/who-we-are/eurojust-legal-framework

_{The European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust) operates on the basis of Article 85 of the Treaty of Lisbon and the Eurojust Regulation, which became applicable on 12 December 2019. The Regulation determines Eurojust’s mandate, governance structure, data protection regime and the framework for establishing agreements with non-EU countries.}

_{In addition, Eurojust has adopted an internal legal framework including a financial regulation, internal procedures, the implementation of data protection rules and the Eurojust seat decision, which establishes where the Agency shall be located, and access to documents.}

_{Besides this legal framework, the following tabs will also provide links to the full versions of Eurojust’s agreements with third States as well as international and EU partners.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔“INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS. United Nations Documents and Instruments.” University of Minnesota. Human Rights Library. Accessed February 5, 2021.

❑Available at:
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/ainstls1.htm

░ C ░ A ░ N ░ A ░ D ░ A ░

✔Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC). “TREATY RESEARCH REPORTS.” Government of Canada. Accessed February 4, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028653/1564411361775

✔Affaires autochtones et du Nord Canada (AADNC). « RAPPORT DES RECHERCHES SUR LES TRAITÉS ». Gouvernement du Canada, 29 août 2013.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/fra/1100100028653/1564411361775

_{In this section, read historical interpretations of treaties the Crown has signed with Aboriginal peoples since the 18th century. The opinions expressed by the authors in the research reports are not necessarily those of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC).}

_{For more information, visit the Treaty Relations Resource Centre, which was created to assist researchers, public servants, academics, First Nation Peoples and the general public. The Centre is a repository of a treaty specific document collection. The Centre, its collection and its finding aids are open to the public, and accessible through the AANDC library.}

_{Dans cette section, veuillez retrouver des rapports de recherches sur des traités que la Couronne a signés avec les peuples autochtones depuis le XVIIIe siècle. Les opinions présentés par les auteurs des rapports ne sont pas forcement ceux du Affaires Autochtones et le développement du Nord Canada (AADNC).}

_{Pour plus d'informations, visiter le Centre de ressource de la Direction des relations sur les traités qui a été crée pour aider les chercheurs, des universitaires, des peuples des Premières nations et le public en général. Le Centre est une collection de documents touchant spécifiquement les traités historiques. Le Centre, ses collections et ses outils de recherche sont tous ouverts au public et accessibles via la bibliothèque AADNC.}

▒│░ ░     CONGRESS.GOV     ░ ░│▒

✔Library of Congress. “TREATIES.” Accessed February 4, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.congress.gov/treaties/about

_{Treaties are agreements made with other countries by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Treaties are referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, where they may be considered and reported. The Senate can consider a treaty on the floor under similar procedures used for legislation. However, the Constitution requires that two-thirds of voting Senators agree for a treaty to be ratified.}

_{Treaty documents are available on Congress.gov for all treaties submitted to the Senate since the 94th Congress (1975-1976). Treaties submitted prior to the 94th Congress are included if they were pending in 1975.}

_{Congress.gov tracks treaties through the Senate. Unlike bills, which die at the end of a congress if they have not received final disposition, treaties remain in or are re-referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations at the end of each congress until the Senate has completed action by agreeing to the resolution of advice and consent to ratification or by returning the treaty document to the President.}

│▒│░     U N E S C O     ░│▒│

✔Unesco. “CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE. Adopted by the General Conference at its seventeenth session Paris, 16 November 1972,” 16. Accessed February 3, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf

✔Unesco. « CONVENTION CONCERNANT LA PROTECTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL CULTUREL ET NATUREL. Adoptée par la Conférence générale à sa dix-septième session Paris, 16 novembre 1972 », 16. Consulté le 3 février 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-fr.pdf

_{The most significant feature of the 1972 World Heritage Convention is that it links together in a single document the concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties. The Convention recognizes the way in which people interact with nature, and the fundamental need to preserve the balance between the two.}

_{La caractéristique la plus originale de la Convention de 1972 est de réunir dans un même document les notions de protection de la nature et de préservation des biens culturels. La Convention reconnaît l’interaction entre l’être humain et la nature et le besoin fondamental de préserver l’équilibre entre les deux.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Ramcharan, Bertrand G. “THE FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY LAW.” 288. Illustrated edition. Leiden ; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2011.

❑Available at:
https://brill.com/view/title/17886

_{This book has a simple objective: to present the fundamentals of international human rights treaty law in a way that can be helpful to the national leader, official, or legal adviser whose duty it is to help put a human rights treaty regime into the law and practice in his or her country. It is a book of international law, as provided for in the principal international and regional human rights treaties and draws upon the jurisprudence and practice of their monitoring organs. Chapter I discusses the nature and characteristics of international human rights law. Chapter II discusses the concept of a national protection system which must be in place if a human rights treaty is to be adequately implemented. Chapter III discusses the jurisprudence and practice of treaty bodies on the foundation issues of democracy and the rule of law. Chapter IV discusses human rights in times of crises and emergencies. Chapter V discusses preventive strategies. Chapter VI discusses the duty of Governments to respect, to protect and to ensure human rights. Chapter VII discusses the duty of Governments to provide redress for violations that might take place. Chapter VIII discusses the essence of supervision in reporting systems. Chapter IX discusses the essence of petitions and fact-finding procedures. Chapter X concludes with a discussion of the bedrock principles of universality, equality and justice as they emerge from the jurisprudence and practice of human rights treaty bodies.}

▒││░     F A O     ░││▒

✔Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “FAO TREATIES DATABASE.” Accessed January 30, 2021.

❑Available at:
http://www.fao.org/treaties/en

✔Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture. « FAO BASE DE DONNÉES DES TRAITÉS ». Consulté le 30 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
http://www.fao.org/treaties/fr

_{The Treaties Database consolidates information on the treaties deposited with the Director-General of FAO. Users have access to the full text of each treaty in all its official languages; information on the status of each treaty (signature, entry into force, participation, declarations and reservations, withdrawals, amendments, etc.); and for each country, a list of the treaties it has adhered to and the dates of its treaty actions.}

_{La Base de données des Traités consolide les informations sur les traités déposés auprès du Directeur général de la FAO. Les utilisateurs ont accès au texte intégral de chaque traité dans toutes ses langues officielles; à l’information sur l’état de chaque traité (signature, entrée en vigueur, participation, déclarations et réservations, retraits, amendements, etc) et pour chaque État, la liste des traités auxquels l’État en question a adhéré, et aux dates des actions relatives aux traités le concernant.}

│░│▒     EFTA • AELE    ▒│░│

✔EFTA. “THE EFTA CONVENTION - The Free Trade Association of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland,” 9, 2017.

❑Available at:
https://www.efta.int/sites/default/files/publications/fact-sheets/EFTA-Convention-guide/EFTA-Convention-brochure.pdf

❑See also:

European Free Trade Association. “The EFTA Convention.” Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://www.efta.int/Legal-Text/EFTA-Convention-1152

_{The EFTA Convention was signed in Stockholm on 4 January 1960 and established the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). The objectives of the seven founding Member States were to establish a free trade area between themselves and to contribute to broader European economic development and integration, as well as liberalising trade around the world. The basic economic aim of the Convention was the same as that of the Treaty of Rome establishing the then European Economic Community – to create a market free of unnecessary barriers to trade. However, it was based on the traditional principles of intergovernmental cooperation, thus differing from the Treaty of Rome. The Convention of 1960 set out some general principles and procedures for EFTA and contained detailed provisions on tariff reductions, elimination of quantitative restrictions and rules of origin.}

░ G ░ E ░ R ░ M ░ A ░ N ░ Y ░

✔Auswärtiges Amt. „VERTRAGLICHE GRUNDLAGEN“. Auswärtiges Amt. Zugegriffen 23. Januar 2021.

❑Verfügbar unter:
https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/europa/institutionen/-/209990

 
✔Federal Foreign Office. “TREATY BASIS.” German Federal Foreign Office. Accessed January 23, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/europa/institutionen/-/228734

_{Der am 1. Dezember 2009 in Kraft getretene Vertrag von Lissabon führte die frühere Europäische Gemeinschaft (EG) und die Europäische Union (EU) zu einer einheitlichen Europäischen Union mit eigener Rechtspersönlichkeit zusammen. Der Vertrag von Lissabon ist, ebenso wie der Vertrag von Amsterdam und der Vertrag von Nizza, ein sog. Änderungsvertrag, d.h. die bestehenden Verträge – der Vertrag über die Europäische Union (EUV) sowie der Vertrag zur Gründung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft (EGV) – wurden durch ihn abgeändert. Mit dem landläufig verwendeten Begriff „Vertrag von Lissabon“ ist nicht der Vertrag an sich, sondern die durch ihn geänderten Verträge in ihrer neuen Fassung gemeint.}

_{The Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force on 1 December 2009, brought together the former European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU) to form a single European Union with its own legal personality. Just like the Treaty of Amsterdam and the Treaty of Nice, the Treaty of Lisbon amended the existing treaties – the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC). The commonly used term “Treaty of Lisbon” does not refer to the treaty as such but to the new versions of the treaties amended by it.}

░ ▒│    JFK Library   │▒ ░

✔JFK Library. “NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY - On August 5, 1963, after more than eight years of difficult negotiations, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.” Accessed July 13, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dMjHXTA

_{On August 5, 1963, after more than eight years of difficult negotiations, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union signed the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.}

_{The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by atomic bombs marked the end of World War II and the beginning of the nuclear age. As tensions between East and West settled into a Cold War, scientists in the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union conducted tests and developed more powerful nuclear weapons.}

_{In 1959, radioactive deposits were found in wheat and milk in the northern United States. As scientists and the public gradually became aware of the dangers of radioactive fallout, they began to raise their voices against nuclear testing. Leaders and diplomats of several countries sought to address the issue.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔McNair, Lord. “THE LAW OF TREATIES.” 800. New Impression édition. Oxford: OUP Oxford, 1986.

❑Available at:
https://www.amazon.fr/Law-Treaties-Lord-McNair/dp/0198251521

_{States the law relating to treaties from an international aspect and in the light of international sources, while at the same time preserving the point of view of the average common lawyer. Lord McNair was strongly of the opinion that the common law of the British Commonwealth and the United States can and must in the future make greater contributions both to the content and to the practical application of international law. This classic work, first published in 1961 and now available again, retains its usefulness for practising international lawyers and academics concerned with all aspects of the making, application, enforcement, breach, or alteration of treaties.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Thomas Isaac, and Kristyn Annis. “TREATY RIGHTS IN THE HISTORIC TREATIES OF CANADA.” 80. Contemporary Themes in Aboriginal Law Series. Indigenous Law Centre - University of Saskatchewan, 2010. Accessed January 18, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://indigenouslaw.usask.ca/publications/treaty-rights-in-the-historic-treaties-of-canada.php

_{The treaties between the Crown and First Nations are unique and hold a distinct position in Canadian law. The historic treaties in Canada, namely, those treaties entered into by the Crown prior to the era of comprehensive land claims and modern treaties beginning in the late 1970s, represent an important part of the relationship between the Crown and Aboriginal peoples.}

░ ▒   IALS   ▒ ░

✔Institute of Advanced Legal Studies. “FLARE INDEX TO TREATIES.” Accessed January 16, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://ials.sas.ac.uk/digital/ials-digital-resources/flare-index-treaties

_{The Flare Index to Treaties is a searchable database of basic information on over 2,000 of the most significant multilateral treaties concluded from the 1600s onwards and a number of significant bilateral treaties signed between 1353 and 1815, with links to the full text, where available, providing a research tool aiding scholars and students, lawyers and librarians in researching the international law of treaties - whether they are new or experienced in the field.}

││ ░│    Forum Sec    │░ ││

✔Forum Sec. “TREATY COLLECTION.” Accessed January 16, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.forumsec.org/treaty-collection

_{Treaties are agreements between States (countries) which are binding at international law. A number of treaties have been developed through the Pacific Islands Forum to provide regional frameworks, binding under international law, for Member countries to address issues of common concern. One of the most well-known examples is the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, ‘the Rarotonga Treaty’, which establishes a nuclear free zone across the territories of the 13 State Parties to the Treaty.}

_{The Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat is designated as the Depositary for a number (but not all) of the treaties which have been developed through the Forum (see below). The Depositary is effectively the custodian of a treaty, responsible for: the safe-keeping of the original treaty documents: notifying all Parties of new treaty actions (for example when states become Parties to the treaty, or withdraw etc): and keeping accurate records on the treaty.}

_{As an international organization, the Pacific Islands Forum is also governed by treaty.}

││ ░   LexisNexis   ░ ││

✔LexisNexis. “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ET CONVENTIONS - Practice notes.” Accessed January 16, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/legal/guidance/intellectual-property-international-treaties-conventions

_{The following IP practice note provides comprehensive and up to date legal information on Intellectual property international treaties and conventions.
IP laws are almost always national in nature. However, there are many conventions and treaties under which nations agree to provide minimum levels of IP protection, and to protect IP created by nationals of other countries.}

_{The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) administers over 20 treaties and conventions on the registration, classification and protection of IP. Details of the treaties it administers, and the parties to those treaties, can be found on its website.}

_{This Practice Note discusses some of the major conventions and treaties it administers. It does not cover all of the treaties and conventions relating to European patents.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔“ENTRI - ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES AND RESOURCE INDICATORS.” CIESIN - Earth Institute at Columbia University. Accessed January 15, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/entri/

_{Welcome to ENTRI, a fast, convenient, comprehensive online service for accessing multilateral environmental treaty data. Find status data for environmental treaties, treaty text and other related information easily. Construct custom tables by selecting countries and treaties of interest to you.}

░ U ░ S ░

✔United States Trade Representative. “TRADE AGREEMENTS.” Accessed January 15, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements

_{Trade Agreements can create opportunities for Americans and help to grow the U.S. economy.}

_{USTR has principal responsibility for administering U.S. trade agreements. This involves monitoring our trading partners' implementation of trade agreements with the United States, enforcing America's rights under those agreements, and negotiating and signing trade agreements that advance the President's trade policy.}

│░ ▒   IMO  •  OMI   ▒ ░│

✔International Maritime Organization. “LIST OF IMO CONVENTIONS.” Accessed January 14, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.imo.org/en/about/Conventions/Pages/ListOfConventions.aspx

✔Organisation maritime internationale. « LISTE DES CONVENTIONS ». Consulté le 14 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.imo.org/fr/about/Conventions/Pages/ListOfConventions.aspx

▒│░     A S I L     ░│▒

✔American Society of International Law. “ELECTRONIC RESOURCE GUIDE (ERG).” ASIL. Accessed January 13, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.asil.org/resources/electronic-resource-guide-erg

_{The Electronic Resource Guide, often called the ERG, has been published online by ASIL since 1997. Systematically updated and continuously expanded, the ERG is designed to be used by students, teachers, practitioners, and researchers as a self-guided tour of relevant, quality, up-to-date online resources covering important areas of international law. The ERG also serves as a ready-made teaching tool at graduate and undergraduate levels.}

░ U ░ S ░

✔U.S. Department of the Treasury. “Treaties and TIEAs.” Accessed January 12, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/treaties/pages/treaties.aspx

_{Here you can access the texts of recently signed U.S. income tax treaties, protocols, and tax information exchange agreements (TIEAs) and the accompanying Treasury Department tax treaty technical explanations as they become publicly available, as well as the U.S. Model Income Tax Convention. Please note that treaty and TIEA documents are posted on this site upon signature and prior to ratification and entry into force.}

░ C ░ A ░ N ░ A ░ D ░ A ░

✔Treaty Law Division. Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development. “CANADA TREATY SERIES (CTS).” Government of Canada. Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://treaty-accord.gc.ca/cts-rtc.aspx?lang=eng

✔Direction du droit des traités. Ministère des Affaires étrangères, du Commerce et du Développement.
« RECUEIL DES TRAITÉS DU CANADA (RTC) ». Gouvernement du Canada. Consulté le 10 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://treaty-accord.gc.ca/cts-rtc.aspx?lang=fra

_{As of 1 April 2014, the treaties published in the Canada Treaty Series (CTS) are only be available in electronic format. To view the list of the treaties published to date, click on the label for the year in question. Print-ready files can be downloaded from this website. A complete list of the treaties entered into force in a given calendar year will be published at the end of each year.}

^{_{Publication of new treaties will continue to be advertised in the Weekly Checklist on the Government of Canada Publications website.}}

_{À partir du 1er avril 2014, les traités publiés dans le Recueil des traités du Canada (RTC) sont disponibles uniquement en version électronique. Pour consulter la liste des traités publiés à date, cliquez sur l’onglet de l’année en question. Les fichiers en format prêt à imprimer peuvent être téléchargés de ce site. Une liste complète des traités entrés en vigueur lors d’une année civique sera publiée à la fin de chaque année.}

^{_{La parution de nouveaux numéros du Recueil en version électronique sera annoncée par l’entremise de la Liste hebdomadaire sur le site web de Publications du gouvernement du Canada.}}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “DIGITAL LIBRARY.” Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=en

✔Nations Unies. « BIBLIOTHÈQUE NUMÉRIQUE ». Consulté le 10 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://digitallibrary.un.org/?ln=fr

│░  Council of Europe  •  Conseil de l’Europe  ░│▒

✔Treaty Office. Council of Europe. “COMPLETE LIST OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE'S TREATIES.” Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list

✔Bureau des Traités. Conseil de l’Europe. « LISTE COMPLÈTE DES TRAITÉS DU CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE ». Consulté le 10 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.coe.int/fr/web/conventions/full-list

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “LEAGUE OF NATIONS TREATY SERIES (5 July 1920 - 3 October 1948).” Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://treaties.un.org/pages/lononline.aspx

✔Nations Unies. « RECUEIL DES TRAITÉS DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS (5 Juillet 1920 - 3 octobre 1948) ». Consulté le 10 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://treaties.un.org/pages/lononline.aspx?clang=_fr

_{This is a collection of treaties and subsequent treaty actions registered with and published by the Secretariat of the League of Nations pursuant to Article 18 of its Covenant. It contains the texts of treaties and records of subsequent treaty actions published in 205 volumes of the League of Nations Treaty Series with 9 issues of the General Index to treaties to facilitate the research.}

_{Cette collection regroupe les traités et formalités conventionnelles ultérieures enregistrés et publiés par le Secrétariat de la Société des Nations conformément à l’article 18 du Pacte de la Société des Nations. Elle contient les textes des traités et relevés de formalités conventionnelles ultérieures, publiés en 205 volumes et 9 publications de l'index général des traités visant à faciliter les recherches.}

▒ ░│   O A S   │░ ▒

✔Organization of American States. “MULTILATERAL TREATIES.” Secretariat for Legal Affairs, OAS. Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
http://www.oas.org/dil/treaties_year_text.htm

▒│    New Zealand   │▒

✔MFAT. “TREATIES.” New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/about-us/who-we-are/treaties

_{New Zealand is currently party to more than 1,900 treaties, as well as many others that are not yet in force.
A treaty is an international agreement between countries or international entities (eg the United Nations, World Trade Organisation, or World Bank) that's legally binding under international law.}

░ A ░ U ░ S ░ T ░ R ░ A ░ L ░ I ░ A ░

✔Australasian Legal Information Institute. “AUSTRALIAN TREATIES LIBRARY.” AustLII. Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/index.html

_{✔See also:}

_{AustLII. “Status Lists for Multilateral Treaties for which Australia is Depository.” Accessed January 10, 2021. http://www.worldlii.org/au/other/dfat/treaty_list/depository/}

_{A joint facility of UTS and UNSW Faculties of Law.}

░ U ░ K ░

✔Foreign, Commonweath & Development Office. “UK TREATIES ONLINE.” Accessed January 10, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://treaties.fco.gov.uk/responsive/app/consolidatedSearch/

_{UK Treaties Online (UKTO) provides an official record of the UK's treaty obligations under international law and is sourced by Treaty Section of the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office. UKTO gives access to information on over 14,000 treaties to which the UK is or has been a party with links to texts of command papers published in the UK Treaty Series from 1892.}

▒│ Hong Kong │▒

✔Department of Justice, Hong Kong. “MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS.” Accessed January 9, 2021

❑Available at:
https://www.doj.gov.hk/en/external/treaties.html

│▒   United States Department of State   ▒│

✔Office of Treaty Affairs. “TREATIES IN FORCE - The Treaties in Force publication lists treaties and agreements currently in force for the United States. It is published annually.” United States Department of State (blog). Accessed January 7, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.state.gov/treaties-in-force

_{Treaties in Force is published annually by the Department of State to provide information on treaties and other international agreements to which the United States is presently a party. It lists those treaties and other international agreements in force for the United States as of the stated publication date for each edition. More information about the scope, contents, and organization of Treaties in Force can be found in the Foreword to each edition.}

░ ▒│   European Union  •  Union Européenne   │▒ ░

✔EU. “EU TREATIES.” European Union, July 5, 2016.

❑Available at:
https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_en

_{The European Union is based on the rule of law. This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU member countries. For example, if a policy area is not cited in a treaty, the Commission cannot propose a law in that area.}

_{A treaty is a binding agreement between EU member countries. It sets out EU objectives, rules for EU institutions, how decisions are made and the relationship between the EU and its member countries.}

✔UE. « TRAITÉS EUROPÉENS ». Union Européenne, 5 juillet 2016.

❑Disponible à :
https://europa.eu/european-union/law/treaties_fr

_{L’Union européenne est fondée sur l’État de droit. Cela signifie que toute action entreprise par l'UE découle des traités, qui ont été approuvés librement et démocratiquement par tous les États membres. Ainsi, si un domaine politique n'est pas cité dans un traité, la Commission ne peut pas proposer de légiférer dans ce domaine.}

_{Les traités européens sont des accords contraignants adoptés par tous les États membres de l'Union européenne. Ils définissent les objectifs poursuivis par l'UE, les règles de fonctionnement des institutions européennes, les procédures à suivre pour prendre des décisions et les relations entre l'UE et les États membres.}

│▒│░ African Union • Union Africaine ░│▒│

✔African Union. “OAU/AU Treaties, Conventions, Protocols & Charters.” Accessed January 5, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://au.int/en/treaties

✔Union africaine. « Traités, conventions, protocoles et chartes de l’OUA/UA ». Consulté le 5 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://au.int/fr/treaties

_{The African Union (AU) is a continental body consisting of the 55 member states that make up the countries of the African Continent. It was officially launched in 2002 as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity (OAU, 1963-1999).}

_{L’Union africaine (UA) est une organisation continentale à laquelle ont adhéré les 55 États membres qui composent les pays du continent africain. Elle a été officiellement fondée en 2002 pour prendre le relais de l’Organisation de l’Unité africaine (OUA, 1963-1999).}

▒ ░│ ░    UEMOA  •  WAEMU   ░ │░ ▒

✔Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine. « LE TRAITÉ MODIFIÉ ». UEMOA. Consulté le 5 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
http://www.uemoa.int/fr/le-traite-modifie

✔West African Economic and Monetary Union. “THE AMENDED TREATY.” WAEMU. Accessed January 5, 2021.

❑Available at:
http://www.uemoa.int/en/amended-treaty

_{Renforcer la compétitivité des activités économiques et financières des États membres dans le cadre d’un marché ouvert et concurrentiel et d’un environnement juridique rationalisé et harmonisé.
Assurer la convergence des performances et des politiques économiques des États membres par l’institution d’une procédure de surveillance multilatérale.
Créer entre Etats membres un marché commun basé sur la libre circulation des personnes, des biens, des services, des capitaux et le droit d’établissement des personnes exerçant une activité indépendante ou salariée, ainsi que sur un tarif extérieur commun et une politique commerciale.
Instituer une coordination des politiques sectorielles nationales par la mise en œuvre d’actions communes, et éventuellement, de politiques communes notamment dans les domaines suivants : ressources humaines, aménagement du territoire, agriculture, énergie, industrie, mines, transports, infrastructures et télécommunication.
Harmoniser, dans la mesure nécessaire au bon fonctionnement du marché commun, les législations des États membres et particulièrement le régime de la fiscalité.}

_{To strengthen the economic and financial competitiveness of the Member States in an open and competitive market environment and within a streamlined and harmonized legal context.
To secure convergence in the economic performances and policies of Member States by instituting multilateral monitoring procedures.
To create a common market among the Member States, based on the free movement of persons, goods, services, and capital, the right of establishment of self-employed or salaried persons, as well as a common external tariff and common market policy.
To institute the coordination of national sector-based policies by implementing joint actions and eventually administering joint policies, particularly on: human resources, territorial administration, agriculture, energy, industry, mines, transport, infrastructure and telecommunications.
To harmonize, to the extent necessary, all actions taken to ensure the smooth running of the common market, the legislative systems of member states, and particularly the taxation system.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔UN Documentation Research Guide. “Dag Hammarskjöld LIBRARY - Research Guides.” United Nations. Accessed January 3, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://research.un.org/en

✔Documentation de l’ONU. « Dag Hammarskjöld BIBLIOTHÈQUE - Guides de recherche. » Nations Unies. Consulté le 3 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://research.un.org/fr

_{The Dag Hammarskjöld Library provides research and information to support the work of United Nations Member States. As an integral part of the UN Organization, the Library also aids in the dissemination of UN information to a wider public audience through online services, and a global depository library network.}

_{La Bibliothèque Dag Hammarskjöld fournit des services de recherche et d’information visant à appuyer les travaux des États Membres de l’ONU. Partie intégrante de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, la Bibliothèque aide également à diffuser l’information émanant de l’ONU à un public plus large via des services en ligne et un réseau mondial de bibliothèques dépositaires.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “UNITED NATIONS TREATY COLLECTION.” Accessed January 2, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/overview/page1_en.xml

✔Nations Unies. « LA COLLECTION DES TRAITÉS DES NATIONS UNIES ». Consulté le 2 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Overview.aspx?path=overview/overview/page1_fr.xml

_{The United Nations Treaty Collection (UNTC) is a global portal providing on-line access to comprehensive information relating to the work of the Treaty Section.}

_{La Collection des traités des Nations Unies (UNTC) est un portail mondial fournissant un accès en ligne à des informations détaillées relatives au travail de la Section des traités.}

░││▒  ECCC  •  CETC  ▒││░

✔“ECCC - Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia.” Accessed January 2, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.eccc.gov.kh/en

✔« CETC - Chambres extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens ». Consulté le 2 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.eccc.gov.kh/fr

_{The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC; French: Chambres extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens (CETC); Khmer: អង្គជំនុំជម្រះវិសាមញ្ញក្នុងតុលាការកម្ពុជា), commonly known as the Cambodia Tribunal or Khmer Rouge Tribunal (សាលាក្ដីខ្មែរក្រហម), is a court established to try the senior leaders and the most responsible members of the Khmer Rouge for alleged violations of international law and serious crimes perpetrated during the Cambodian genocide. Although it is a national court, it was established as part of an agreement between the Royal Government of Cambodia and the United Nations, and its members include both local and foreign judges.}

_{Das Rote-Khmer-Tribunal (auch Khmer-Rouge-Tribunal, offiziell Außerordentliche Kammern an den Gerichten von Kambodscha; englisch Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, französisch Chambres Extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens) ist ein hybrider Strafgerichtshof nach dem Vorbild des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes für das ehemalige Jugoslawien (ICTY) in Den Haag und des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes für Ruanda (ICTR) in Arusha, der die von den Roten Khmer begangenen Verbrechen während des Genozids in Kambodscha untersuchen und aburteilen soll.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔Codification Division, Office of Legal Affairs. “Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs — Legal Publications.” United Nations. Accessed January 3, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://legal.un.org/repertory/

_{The Repertory, mandated by the General Assembly in resolution 796 (VIII) of 27 November 1953, is a legal publication containing analytical studies of the decisions of the principal organs of the United Nations under each of the Articles of the Charter of the United Nations. As such, it forms a legislative history that contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the Charter, as applied in the practice of the organs of the United Nations. Its primary purpose was to facilitate the General Assembly’s consideration, at its tenth annual session, of the question of calling a General Conference in accordance with Article 109 of the Charter of the United Nations. The Repertory has since been considered an essential tool contributing to the transparency and accountability of United Nations organs and ensuring the preservation of institutional memory of the Organization, not only for Member States and the Secretariat, but also for research institutions, universities and individual scholars.}

░││▒     R S C S L    ▒││░

✔RSCSL. “The Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone.” Accessed January 2, 2021.

❑Available at:
http://www.rscsl.org/

_{The Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone was established by an agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone to oversee the continuing legal obligations of the Special Court for Sierra Leone after its closure in 2013. These include witness protection, supervision of prison sentences, and management of the SCSL archives.}

░▒││   WIPO  •  OMPI   ││▒ ░

✔World Intellectual Property Organization. “WIPO-ADMINISTERED TREATIES.” Accessed January 2, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/index.html

✔Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle. « TRAITÉS ADMINISTRÉS PAR L'OMPI ». Consulté le 2 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/index.html

_{WIPO administers 26 treaties including the WIPO Convention.}

_{L'OMPI administre 26 traités dont la Convention instituant l'OMPI.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.” Accessed January 1, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.irmct.org/en

✔Nations Unies. « Mécanisme international appelé à exercer les fonctions résiduelles des Tribunaux pénaux ». Consulté le 1 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.irmct.org/fr

_{The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, also referred to as the IRMCT or the Mechanism, is an international court established by the United Nations Security Council in 2010 to perform the remaining functions of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) following the completion of those tribunals' respective mandates.}

_{Le Mécanisme international appelé à exercer les fonctions résiduelles des Tribunaux pénaux (le « Mécanisme ») a été créé par le Conseil de sécurité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies le 22 décembre 2010, pour prendre la succession du Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda (TPIR) et du Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY), et consolider leurs activités à l’issue du mandat de ces deux institutions.}

░││▒  STL  •  TSL  ▒││░

✔STL. “Special Tribunal for Lebanon.” Accessed January 2, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.stl-tsl.org/en

✔TSL. « Tribunal spécial pour le Liban ». Consulté le 2 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.stl-tsl.org/fr

_{The Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), also referred to as the Lebanon Tribunal or the Hariri Tribunal, is a tribunal of international character applying Lebanese criminal lawto carry out the investigation and prosecution of those responsible for 14 February 2005 assassination of Rafic Hariri, the former Lebanese prime minister, and the deaths of 21 others,as well as those responsible for connected attacks.}

_{Le Tribunal spécial des Nations unies pour le Liban (« TSL »), aussi dénommé Tribunal pour le Liban, est un tribunal pénal international dont le mandat est de poursuivre, en appliquant le droit pénal libanais, les personnes présumées responsables de l'assassinat de l'ancien Premier ministre libanais Rafiq Hariri, et de la mort de 21 autres personnes le 14 février 2005 à Beyrouth au Liban, ainsi que d'attentats connexes.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law.” Accessed January 3, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://legal.un.org/avl/intro/introduction.html?tab=2

✔Nations Unies. « Médiathèque de droit international des Nations Unies ». Consulté le 3 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://legal.un.org/avl/intro/introduction.html?tab=3

_{A virtual training and research centre in international law.}

_{The Historic Archives provides a unique resource for the teaching, studying and researching significant legal instrument on international law. Each entry is devoted to a particular instrument and contains an introduction to the instrument prepared by an eminent international law scholar or practitioner with special expertise on the subject, information on its procedural history and related documents, as well as the text and status of the instrument. It is accompanied by audiovisual materials, as available, relating to the negotiation and adoption of the instrument at meetings or diplomatic conferences.}

_{Un centre de formation et de recherche en ligne consacré au droit international.}

_{Les Archives historiques sont une ressource irremplaçable pour toute activité d’enseignement, d’étude et de recherche portant sur les principaux instruments juridiques du droit international. Chaque entrée est consacrée à un instrument juridique particulier : elle contient une note d’introduction établie par un éminent spécialiste du droit international ou un praticien ayant une très bonne connaissance du sujet, un historique de la procédure d’adoption, des indications sur les documents se rapportant à l’instrument, le texte de l’instrument et son état. Le cas échéant, s’y trouvent joints des documents audiovisuels relatifs à la négociation et à l’adoption de l’instrument lors de réunions ou de conférences diplomatiques.}

░││▒  CPI  •  ICC  ▒││░

✔« CPI - Cour Pénale Internationale ». Consulté le 1 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.icc-cpi.int

✔“ICC - International Criminal Court.” Accessed January 1, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.icc-cpi.int

_{Juger les individus responsables de génocide, de crimes de guerre, de crimes contre l’humanité et d’ agression.}

_{Trying individuals for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression,}

░││▒   ITLOS  •  TIDM   ▒││░

✔ITLOS. ‘International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea’. Accessed 1 January 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.itlos.org/en/top/home/

✔TIDM. « Tribunal international du droit de la mer ». Consulté le 1 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.itlos.org/fr/top/accueil/

_{The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial body established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to adjudicate disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Convention. The Tribunal is composed of 21 independent members, elected from among persons enjoying the highest reputation for fairness and integrity and of recognized competence in the field of the law of the sea.}

_{Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est un organe judiciaire indépendant créé par la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, pour connaître des différends auxquels pourraient donner lieu l'interprétation et l'application de la Convention. Le Tribunal est composé de 21 membres indépendants, élus parmi les personnes jouissant de la plus haute réputation d'impartialité et d'intégrité et possédant une compétence notoire dans le domaine du droit de la mer.}

│▒ ░ ░   EU  •  UK   ░ ░ ▒│

✔“The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement.” European Commission. Last modified December 31, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://ec.europa.eu/info/european-union-and-united-kingdom-forging-new-partnership/future-partnership/draft-eu-uk-trade-and-cooperation-agreement_en

_{The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement concluded between the EU and the UK sets out preferential arrangements in areas such as trade in goods and in services, digital trade, intellectual property, public procurement, aviation and road transport, energy, fisheries, social security coordination, law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, thematic cooperation and participation in Union programmes. It is underpinned by provisions ensuring a level playing field and respect for fundamental rights.}

_{While it will by no means match the level of economic integration that existed while the UK was an EU Member State, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement goes beyond traditional free trade agreements and provides a solid basis for preserving our longstanding friendship and cooperation.}

_{The Trade and Cooperation Agreement is provisionally applicable since 1 January 2021, after having been agreed by EU and UK negotiators on 24 December 2020.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔Treaty Section, Office of Legal Affairs. United Nations. “TREATY HANDBOOK.” 83. New York: United Nations, 2012.

❑Available at:
https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/publications/THB/English.pdf

✔Section des traités, Bureau des affaires juridiques. Nations Unies.« MANUEL DES TRAITÉS », 81. New York: Nations Unies, 2012.

❑Disponible à :
https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/publications/THB/French.pdf

_{This publication has been prepared by the Treaty Section of the Office of Legal Affairs as a guide to the Secretary-General's practice as a depositary of multilateral treaties and the Secretariat's practice in relation to the registration and publication of treaties under article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. It is intended as a contribution to the United Nations efforts to assist States and international organizations in engaging effectively in the international treaty framework. Written in simple language and with the aid of diagrams and step-by-step instructions, the Handbook touches upon a wide range of aspects of treaty law and practice.}

_{Cette publication a été conçu par la Section des traités du Bureau des affaires juridiques comme un guide sur la pratique du Secrétaire général en tant que dépositaire des traités multilatéraux et la pratique du Secrétariat en matière de l'enregistrement et la publication des traités conformément à l'article 102 de la Charte des Nations Unies. Le présent Manuel forme partie des efforts déployés par l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour aider les États et les organisations internationaux à participer efficacement dans le cadre des traités internationaux. Rédigé en termes simples, le Manuel, qui comporte des schémas et décrit les procédures à suivre dans le détail, aborde ainsi de nombreux aspects du droit et de la pratique des traités.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. ‘UN General Assembly - Legal - Sixth Committee’. United Nations. Accessed 2 January 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/

_{The Sixth Committee is the primary forum for the consideration of legal questions in the General Assembly. All of the United Nations Member States are entitled to representation on the Sixth Committee as one of the main committees of the General Assembly.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. ‘International Law Commission (ILC).’ Accessed 2 January 2021.

❑Available at:
https://legal.un.org/ilc/

_{The International Law Commission promotes the progressive development of international law and its codification.  The Commission’s work on a topic usually involves some aspects of the progressive development, as well as the codification of international law, with the balance between the two varying depending on the particular topic.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations. “OCEANS AND LAW OF THE SEA.” Accessed January 2, 2021.

❑Available at:
https://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm

_{The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea lays down a comprehensive regime of law and order in the world's oceans and seas, establishing rules governing all uses of the oceans and their resources. The Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS) of the Office of Legal Affairs of the United Nations serves as the secretariat of the Convention on the Law of the Sea.}

_{Prepared by the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. ‘UNCITRAL - United Nations Commission on International Trade Law’. Accessed 2 January 2021.

❑Available at:
https://uncitral.un.org/en

✔Nations Unies. « CNUDCI - Commission des Nations Unies pour le droit commercial international ». Consulté le 2 janvier 2021.

❑Disponible à :
https://uncitral.un.org/fr

<sub>In an increasingly economically interdependent world, the importance of an improved legal framework for the facilitation of international trade and investment is widely acknowledged. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), established by the United Nations General Assembly by resolution 2205 (XXI) of 17 December 1966 (see annex I), plays an important role in developing that framework in pursuance of its mandate to further the progressive harmonization and modernization of the law of international trade by preparing and promoting the use and adoption of legislative and non-legislative instruments in a number of key areas of commercial law.

Dans un monde où les économies sont de plus en plus interdépendantes, la nécessité d’améliorer le cadre juridique pour faciliter les échanges et les inves­ tissements internationaux est largement reconnue. La Commission des Nations Unies pour le droit commercial international (CNUDCI), créée par la résolution 2205 (XXI) de l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en date du 17 décembre 1966 (voir annexe I), joue un rôle important dans la mise en place de ce cadre conformément à son mandat qui est d’encourager l’harmonisation et la modernisation progressives du droit commercial international en élaborant des instruments, législatifs ou non, dont elle encourage l’utilisation et l’adoption dans un certain nombre de domaines clefs du droit commercial.</sub>

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Richard William Brant, Hertslet, Edward Sherwood, and Harry Leslie. “THE MAP OF AFRICA BY TREATY.” The Library Of Congress. Last modified 1909. Accessed September 14, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d7kH2Pt

░ ▒│ CBA • ABC │▒ ░

The Canadian Bar Association
L'Association du Barreau canadien

✔Lawford, H. J. ‘TREATIES AND RIGHTS OF TRANSIT ON THE ST. LAWRENCE’. The Canadian Bar Review 39, no. 4 (1 December 1961). The Canadian Bar Association (CBA).

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dRBnC-R
https://lnkd.in/dUi8sGb _{- PDF (English)}

✔Lawford, H. J. « LES TRAITÉS ET DROITS DE TRANSIT SUR LE FLEUVE SAINT-LAURENT ». La revue du barreau canadien 39, nᵒ 4 (1 décembre 1961). L'Association du Barreau canadien (ABC).

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dRBnC-R
https://lnkd.in/dvxB6im _{- PDF (English)}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Donald R Rothwell, and Tim Stephens. “THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE SEA.” 608. 2nd ed., 2016.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d9gYbNu

_{Donald R Rothwell, Professor of International Law
ANU College of Law
Jul 2006 – Present
Canberra, Australia}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Patricia Nacimiento, Herbert Kronke, Nicola Christine Port, and Dirk Otto. “RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS: A Global Commentary on the New York Convention.” 617. Kluwer Law International, 2010. Accessed October 1, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/ejHPENK

_{Patricia Nacimiento}

_{Senior-Partner
Herbert Smith Freehills
May 2016 – Present
Frankfurt am Main und Umgebung, Deutschland}

_{Dispute Resolution
Commercial Arbitration
Investigations
Investment Arbitration and Treaty Protection
International Arbitration}

░ ▒ │ ░ CTBTO ░ │ ▒ ░

✔CTBTO - Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. “SIGNATURES and RATIFICATIONS and WORLDWIDE,” 2, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dSeTSS9

_{What is the CTBT?
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) bans nuclear explosions by everyone, everywhere: on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere, underwater and underground.}

_{Why is the CTBT important?
It makes it very difficult for countries to develop nuclear bombs for the first time, or for countries that already have them, to make more powerful bombs. It also prevents the huge damage caused by radioactivity from nuclear explosions to humans, animals and plants.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Thornberry, Patrick. “THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION: A Commentary.” 576. Oxford Commentaries on International Law. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d94HRkn

 
❑See also:

✔YouTube - OUP - Oxford University Press. CERD – WHAT IT DOES AND WHY IT MATTERS - Patrick Thornberry, Author of The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: A Commentary, 2017. Accessed October 21, 2020.
https://lnkd.in/d-5qd2B

_{Provides the first systematic article-by-article analysis of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.}

<sub>Incorporates up-to-date developments in State practice and the practice of the CERD Committee, detailing how it implements the reporting and complaints procedures of the Convention.

Addresses a wide range of related issues including the expansion of the Convention to cover religious defamation, initiatives to improve racial tolerance through education, and the contemporary victims of racial discrimination.

The author, Patrick Thornberry, is a member of the CERD Committee.</sub>

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Julien Fouret, Rémy Gerbay, and Gloria M. Alvarez, eds. ‘THE ICSID CONVENTION, REGULATIONS AND RULES. A Practical Commentary’, 1,400. Elgar Commentaries Series. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d2N9qA9

_{This major new commentary on the ICSID Convention, Regulations and Rules offers a new, forward-looking and highly practical interpretation of the convention and its associated documents. It is the first commentary to provide systematic article-by-article coverage not only of the Convention itself, but also of the institution rules, the ICSID arbitration rules and the ICSID administrative and financial regulations.}

_{Written by a team of leading experts from private practice, government and academia, this uniquely comprehensive work will be an essential resource for those in the investment arbitration community, and a turn-to reference work for international investment law and international arbitration scholars.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔Treaty Section, Office of Legal Affairs. United Nations. “12. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME. New York, 15 November 2000. ENTRY INTO FORCE: 29 September 2003, in accordance with article 38. REGISTRATION: 29 September 2003, No. 39574. STATUS: Signatories: 147. Parties: 190.,” 27, 2000.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dUYPC47


✔Section des traités, Bureau des affaires juridiques. Organisation des Nations Unies. « 12. CONVENTION DES NATIONS UNIES CONTRE LA CRIMINALITÉ TRANSNATIONALE ORGANISÉE. New York, 15 novembre 2000. ENTRÉE EN VIGUEUR: 29 septembre 2003, conformément à l'article 38. ENREGISTREMENT: 29 septembre 2003, No 39574. ÉTAT: Signataires: 147. Parties: 190.», 28, 2000.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dmrh28D

_{The Convention was adopted by resolution A/RES/55/25 of 15 November 2000 at the fifty-fifth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. In accordance with its article 36, the Convention will be open for signature by all States and by regional economic integration organizations, provided that at least one Member State of such organization has signed the Convention, from 12 to 15 December 2000 at the Palazzi di Giustizia in Palermo, Italy, and thereafter at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 12 December 2002.}

_{La Convention a été adoptée par la résoltion A/RES/55/25 du 15 novembre 2000 à la cinquante-cinquième session de l'Assemblée générale de l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Conformément à son article 36, la Convention sera ouverte à la signature de tous les États et des organisations régionales d'intégration économique, à la condition qu'au moins un État membre d'une telle organisation ait signé la Convention du 12 au 15 décembre 2000 au Palazzi di Guistizia à Palerme (Italie), et par la suite au siège de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, à New York, jusqu'au 12 décembre 2002.}

││░ I D E A ░││

✔International IDEA, “The Global State of Democracy 2019: Addressing the Ills, Reviving the Promise” (IDEA - International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2019), 272.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dHH6b2h

_{Not too long ago the world was euphoric about the advancement of democracy. The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, the end of the Cold War in 1991 and the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994 are some of the defining moments that gave reason to be optimistic about the future of democracy. Only three decades after the fall of the Berlin wall, the euphoria about democracy ́s forward march has been replaced by doom and gloom narratives that allude to the death of democracy. We certainly cannot and should not ignore the contemporary threats to democracy such as the blatant disrespect for the norms of multilateralism, extreme inequality resulting in the capture of politics by elites, persistent corruption that continues to rob ordinary citizens of opportunities of service provision and better quality of life; conflictual identity politics, intolerance and societal polarisation aggravated by social media and spurred by populistic politics that promise quick and simple solutions to complex socio-economic problems and more. Added to these pressures, are global development threats, such as climate change and its perils; fears of a looming global economic slow-down exacerbated by a trade war between US and China, and global insecurity—not least exacerbated by terrorism from external and internal forces.}

▒│ Treaty Law • Droit des traités │▒

✔LinkedIn. “TREATY LAW • DROIT DES TRAITÉS - We live in the era of treaties. Information is the raw material for all human activity. In today's so-called "era of treaties", only those with information literacy may claim effectiveness. Information, however, is multiform and diverse, timely, or outdated, depending on the case.” Abdoul Ndoye. Accessed December 31, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/treaty-law•kontakt-ndoye/

✔LinkedIn. « TREATY LAW • DROIT DES TRAITÉS - Nous vivons à l'ère des traités. L’information est la matière première à toute activité humaine. Dans le monde d’aujourd’hui caractérisé par ce que l’on appelle l’ « ère des traités », seuls pourront prétendre à l’efficacité, ceux qui auront une maîtrise de l’information. Or, l’information est multiforme et diverse, opportune ou désuète selon les cas. » Abdoul Ndoye. Consulté le 31 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://www.linkedin.com/company/treaty-law•kontakt-ndoye/

_{Networking purposes & Treaty-related documentation (Protocols, Treaties, Accords, etc. in almost all areas). This page was also established to occasionally further some knowledge of treaty law and the law of treaties. It also publishes treaty-related news, internet pages, original texts, and other material audio-visual, etc.) that will help achieve a better understanding.}

_{We live in the era of treaties • Nous vivons à l'ère des traités}

░│▒ NATO • OTAN ▒│░

✔NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization. “NATO 2030: UNITED FOR A NEW ERA. Analysis and Recommendations of the Reflection Group Appointed by the NATO Secretary General.” 67, 2020. Accessed December 14, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/eJKZiM

_{At the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Meeting of Heads of State and Government in London in December 2019, Alliance leaders asked the NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg to undertake a Forward-Looking Reflection Process to assess ways to strengthen the political dimension of the NATO Alliance. To this end, in April 2020, Secretary General Stoltenberg appointed an independent Reflection Group co-chaired by Thomas de Maizière and A. Wess Mitchell and consisting of John Bew, Greta Bossenmaier, Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen, Marta Dassù, Anna Fotyga, Tacan Ildem, Hubert Védrine, and Herna Verhagen.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation - Kate Gilmore “WITHOUT FEAR OR FAVOUR?,” 100 Years of International Civil Service | No.6, December 2019.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dDKCEER

_{The world over, civil servants are commissioned to provide advice ‘without fear or favour’. Civil servants pledge official oaths to do so and governments across the world claim to require it. However, the ‘without fear or favour’ expectations for the international civil servant are far more equivocal -- specifically, where ‘without fear’ is concerned.}

_{Twitter - Kate Gilmore
https://twitter.com/gilmoreksure}

▒ ░│ MTL INTL │░ ▒

Montréal International

✔MTL INTL - Montréal International. “MONTRÉAL: HOME TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS - More than 65 international organizations, including the headquarters of 4 UN agencies, have chosen to locate in Montréal. Indeed, the city has the third largest concentration of international organizations in North America.” Accessed June 25, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/e4bDur5


✔MTL INTL - Montréal International. « MONTRÉAL : SIÈGE D'ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONALES - Montréal accueille plus de 65 organisations internationales, dont 4 sièges de l’ONU, se positionnant ainsi comme la 3e plus importante ville d’organisations internationales en Amérique du Nord. » Consulté le 25 juin 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/eSgHMMP

░││▒ EDPS • CEPD ▒││░

✔EDPS - European Data Protection Supervisor. “A PRELIMINARY OPINION ON DATA PROTECTION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,” January 2020, 36.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/gJJZbXG

<sub>Twitter - Wojtek Wiewiorowski
https://lnkd.in/gy6-Wui

LinkedIn - EDPS - European Data Protection Supervisor
https://lnkd.in/dDJphUY

Twitter - EDPS - European Data Protection Supervisor
https://lnkd.in/d6KgAz7</sub>

▒││ USMCA • ACEUM ││▒

✔“United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.” Wikipedia. Accessed June 30, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dtzN5sq


✔« Accord Canada–États-Unis–Mexique ». Wikipédia. Consulté le 30 juin 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dZKyy2d

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Carl Baudenbacher, “JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE: MEMOIRS OF A EUROPEAN JUDGE,” 1st ed., Springer Biographies (Springer International Publishing, 2019), 520.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d4FJGRA

_{This book is about law, but it is not a law book. It is aimed at all interested contemporaries, lawyers and non-lawyers alike. Richly seasoned with personal memories and anecdotes, it offers unique insights into how European courts actually work.}

_{It is generally assumed that independence is part and parcel of the role and function of a judge. Nevertheless, European judges sometimes face difficulties in this regard. Owing to their being nominated by a government, their limited term of appointment, and the possibility of being reappointed or not, their judicial independence can be jeopardized. Certain governments have a track record of choosing candidates who they believe they can keep on a leash. When this happens, private parties are at risk of losing out.}

_{Carl Baudenbacher - Independent Arbitrator and Consultant, Monckton Chambers, London. Former President of the EFTA Court, Luxembourg. LinkedIn 2020.}

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Jason Fry and Louis-Alexis Bret, eds. “THE GUIDE TO MINING ARBITRATIONS.” 243. 1st ed. GAR - Global Arbitration Review, 2019. Accessed August 1, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/drar-Yu

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Trevor C Hartley. “Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments in Europe: The Brussels I Regulation, the Lugano Convention, and the Hague Choice of Court Convention.” Oxford University Press, 2017. Accessed December 29, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dtTbF4F

_{This book contains a study of three legal instruments on civil jurisdiction and judgments: the Brussels I Regulation (2012 version), the Lugano Convention (2007 version), and the Hague Choice of Court Convention. A feature all three instruments have in common is that, as far as the Member States of the European Union are concerned CJEU, the final word on their interpretation lies with the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). They thus have a certain unity— a unity of function (the international regulation of civil litigation) and a unity of interpretation. This leads to common features, features which make it appropriate to treat them together as constituting different aspects of a single subject. The book identifies the legal principles that lie behind the individual provisions of the instruments and provides a clear and systematic explanation of their operation, based on what the instruments are trying to achieve and the legal concepts through which it is intended that these objectives will be attained. Every branch of the law tries to balance different objectives and uses different principles and concepts to do so. This is as true in the area of international litigation as in other areas. An important feature of the book, therefore, is to show how these different policies and principles interact to form a coherent system.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations - "International instruments related to the prevention and suppression of international terrorism. Volume I,” 2019, 548.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dHwRFmF

Nations Unies - « Instruments internationaux relatifs à la prévention et à la répression du terrorisme Volume I » 2019, 600.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dVjiXTy

✔United Nations - "International Instruments related to the Prevention and Suppression of International Terrorism - Volume II,” 2019, 442.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/daicvh9

Nations Unies - « Instruments internationaux relatifs à la prévention et à la répression du terrorisme - Volume II » 2019, 506.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dvSaqMB

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Brad Smith, Carol Ann Browne, and Bill Gates. “TOOLS AND WEAPONS: The Promise and the Peril of the Digital Age.” 368. New York: Penguin Press, 2019.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dWx2C5N

││ Switzerland • Schweiz • Svizzera • Suisse ││

✔Federal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFA, and - Directorate for European Affairs DEA. “SWISS–UK RELATIONS POST BREXIT,” 4, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/dea/en/documents/fs/FS-Brexit_en.pdf

_{The United Kingdom formally left the European Union on 31 January 2020. On 1 January 2021, following the end of the transition period, the UK also departed from the EU single market and the customs union. Relations between the EU and the UK are now governed by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed on 30 December 2020. This means that EU agreements with third countries – including the bilateral agreements between Switzerland and the EU – no longer apply to the UK. As part of its Mind the Gap strategy, Switzerland concluded seven new bilateral agreements with the UK, which ensure, as far as possible, that the existing rights and obligations between the countries will continue to apply. These agreements, which came into force on 1 January 2021, concern trade, services, road and air transport, insurance and migration. An additional bilateral agreement on police cooperation will come into force in the second half of 2021. In a later phase, cooperation between Switzerland and the UK will be extended to other areas, where this is in the interests of both countries (Mind the Gap+).}

▒│▒ WHO • OMS ▒│▒

✔“COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund. Help WHO fight COVID-19. DONATE NOW.” World Health Organization (WHO), accessed March 26, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/fqWTKGt


✔« Fonds de riposte à la COVID-19. FAITES UN DON. », Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), consulté le 26 mars 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/geDfgd2

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Vimeo - Tanya Monforte, Choices Program. WHAT IS A RESERVATION TO A TREATY? 2016. Accessed December 6, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/djbFhnr

<sub>Harvard Law School
J.D.

McGill University
Doctor of Civil Law
2016 – 2021

Dissertation in the area of human rights and securitization.
Completing a DCL (Doctor of Civil Law)</sub>

▒│░ Belgium • Belgique • België ░│▒

 
✔“DATABASE TREATIES. Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs. 2016 [cited 2020 Nov 8].

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d4kg2R2


✔BASE DE DONNÉES TRAITÉS. Service public fédéral Affaires étrangères. 2016 [cité 8 nov 2020].

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dbu4Nee


✔DATABANK VAN VERDRAGEN. Federale Overheidsdienst Buitenlandse Zaken. 2016 [geciteerd 8 november 2020].

❑Beschikbaar op:
https://lnkd.in/dBxMdBw

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔David M. Malone, Simon Chesterman, and Santiago Villalpando. “THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF UNITED NATIONS TREATIES.” 720. Oxford, United Kingdom ; New York: OUP USA, 2019.

❑ Available at:
https://www.amazon.fr/Oxford-Handbook-United-Nations-Treaties/dp/0190947845

_{The United Nations is a vital part of the international order. Yet this book argues that the greatest contribution of the UN is not what it has achieved (improvements in health and economic development) or avoided (global war or the use of weapons of mass destruction). It is, instead, the process through which the UN has transformed the structure of international law to expand the range and depth of subjects covered by treaties. The book offers the first sustained analysis of the UN as a forum in which and an institution through which treaties are negotiated and implemented. Chapters are written by authors from different fields, including academics and practitioners, lawyers and specialists from other social sciences (international relations, history, science), professionals with an established reputation in the field, and younger researchers and diplomats involved in the negotiation of multilateral treaties and scholars with a broader view on the issues involved. The volume provides unique insights into UN treaty-making. Through the thematic and technical parts, it also offers a lens through which to view challenges lying ahead and the possibilities and limitations confronting this understudied aspect of international law and relations.}

│▒ ░ WCO • OMD ░ ▒│

✔“CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS.” World Customs Organization. 2020. Accessed November 05, 2020.

❑Available at:
http://www.wcoomd.org/en/about-us/legal-instruments/conventions.aspx

✔« CONVENTIONS ET ACCORDS ». Organisation Mondiale des Douanes. 2020. Consulté le 05 novembre 2020

❑Disponible à :
http://www.wcoomd.org/fr/about-us/legal-instruments/conventions.aspx

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

 
✔Ulf Linderfalk, “ON THE INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES: The Modern International Law as Expressed in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,” Law and Philosophy Library (Springer Netherlands, 2007), 414.

❑Available at:
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781402063619

_{In the practice of modern international law, disputes as to the meaning of specific treaty provisions are a frequent occurrence. It is the assumption underlying any such dispute that in a process of interpretation a distinction has to be made between the legally correct and incorrect interpretation result. The legal correctness of an interpretation result is determined by reference to the relevant international law, as reflected in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), Articles 31-33. The result of an interpretation process is correct when it can be successfully defended as being in accordance with the provisions of VCLT Articles 31-33. The result is incorrect when it cannot be so defended.}

_{Traditionally, the substance of Articles 31-33 has been described by reference to the various means of interpretation enumerated in said provisions, and little more than that. As argued in this book, more detail is required. On closer inspection, not only does the Vienna Convention provide information on the interpretation data (or means of interpretation) to be used by appliers when interpreting a treaty provision. It also instructs the appliers how, by using each datum, they shall argue to arrive at a conclusion about the meaning of the interpreted provision; and, to some extent, it determines the weight that different data of interpretation shall be afforded when appliers discover that, depending on the specific datum they bring to bear on the interpretation process, the conclusion arrived at will be different. Hence, the regime laid down in VCLT Articles 31-33 will have to be described as a system of rules.}

_{This book investigates the contents and structure of this system. By importing knowledge from linguistics, and pragmatics in particular, a model is established giving representation to the concept of a rule of interpretation. Drawing on this model, the book then proceeds to reconstruct the contents of the various rules of interpretation. To facilitate reference, the conclusions suggest a list of 44 rules, all of which can be invoked by appliers citing VCLT Articles 31-33.}

▒││ United Arab Emirates ││▒

✔UAE Ministry of Economy. Foreign Trade Sector. Investment Department, “INVESTOR NAVIGATOR - Your navigator to investing in the UAE,” 1st ed., 2018, 60.

❑Available at:
https://www.economy.gov.ae/Publications/180410SK_IN_EN_V30.3_for%20PDF.pdf

▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS,” August 10, 2015. Accessed October 25, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dSX3Erb

✔Nations Unies. « LA CHARTE DES NATIONS UNIES », 10 août 2015. Consulté le 25 octobre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dex9Q_u

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔“WTO LAUNCHES NEW EDITION OF HANDBOOK ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT - The WTO launched today (26 November) the second edition of “A Handbook on the WTO TRIPS Agreement”, which describes the historical and legal background to the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), its role in the organization and its institutional framework. The publication coincides with the 25th anniversary of the entry into force of the Agreement.” WTO - World Trade Organization. Last modified November 2020. Accessed November 29, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dBuh_HM

_{Building on the first edition published in 2012, the Handbook provides a comprehensive and non-technical explanation of the TRIPS Agreement. Topics reviewed cover general provisions and basic principles; copyright and related rights; trademarks; geographical indications; patents; industrial designs, layout designs, undisclosed information and anti-competitive practices; enforcement of intellectual property rights; dispute settlement; TRIPS and public health; and current TRIPS issues.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔Treaty Section, Office of Legal Affairs. United Nations. “Chapter XI Transport and Communications. A. Custom Matters 16. CUSTOMS CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT OF GOODS UNDER COVER OF TIR CARNETS (TIR Convention) Geneva, 14 November 1975,” accessed December 23, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dHZKAxn

✔Section des traités, Bureau des affaires juridiques. Organisation des Nations Unies. « Chapitre XI Transports et Communications. A. Questions douanières 16. CONVENTION DOUANIÈRE RELATIVE AU TRANSPORT INTERNATIONAL DE MARCHANDISES SOUS LE COUVERT DE CARNETS TIR (Convention TIR) Genève, 14 novembre 1975 », consulté le 23 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/daiGpqX

│▒│ Council of Europe • Conseil de l’Europe │▒│

✔GRECO - Group of States against Corruption. “Global Mapping of Anti-Corruption Authorities,” May 25, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dAEe7ur

✔GRECO - Groupe d’Etats contre la corruption. « Cartographie mondiale des autorités anticorruption », 25 mai 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dZWwyKp

▒│ Germany • Deutschland │▒

✔ Federal Foreign Office - “GERMANY AS DEPOSITARY OF MULTILATERAL TREATIES. The Federal Republic of Germany is the depositary of more than 20 multilateral treaties. The wording of these treaties, status lists as well as declarations by contracting parties have been made available on this website since September 2011 and can now be found also in English.” German Federal Foreign Office. Accessed May 12, 2020.


❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/eUqa5ZC


✔Auswärtiges Amt - „DIE BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND ALS VERWAHRER MEHRSEITIGER VÖLKERRECHTLICHER VERTRÄGE - Deutschland ist Verwahrer von mehr als 20 mehrseitigen völkerrechtlichen Verträgen. Sie können ab sofort die Texte dieser Verträge sowie Statuslisten und die von den Vertragsparteien abgegebenen Erklärungen auf unserer Internetseite einsehen..“ Auswärtiges Amt. Zugegriffen 12. Mai 2020.

❑Quelle:
https://lnkd.in/ee8TFdq

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔“MULTILATERAL. Vienna Convention on the law of treaties (with annex). Concluded at Vienna on 23 May 1969." 69, 1980.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dKJG7s6

✔ « MULTILATÉRAL. Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités (avec annexe). Conclue à Vienne le 23 mai 1969.” 69, 1980 ».

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dKJG7s6

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Jörg Reinbothe and Silke Von Lewinski, ‘The WIPO Treaties on Copyright: A Commentary on the WCT, the WPPT, and the BTAP’, 2 edition (OUP Oxford, 2015), 854.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dH6pguw

▒│ DOCUMENTATION │▒

✔Kaj Hobér, “THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY” (Oxford University Press). March 2020 - estimated. 688.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/daTqjr2

░│ DOCUMENTATION │░

✔UVA Law. “UN HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES - A group of UVA law librarians, faculty, and alumni have assembled a database of drafting histories from the major post-World War II human rights treaties. Using the published guides to travaux préparatoires and the United Nations’ UNBISNET database, the UVA Law Library has sought to compile fully-searchable, digital copies of as many of the travaux préparatoires as we could find. The database will allow international law scholars, lawyers, and students around the world to study the origins and influences of several key sources of international law. We would like to thank the United Nations and the Dag Hammarskjöld Library for granting us permission to duplicate these documents and for all of their assistance with this project.” University of Virginia. Accessed May 20, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/e-WATZW

░│▒│ OECD • OCDE │▒│░

✔OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. “OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project - PREVENTION OF TREATY ABUSE – Second Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping. Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 6,” 2020, 298.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d7Cm7hJ


✔OCDE - Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques. « Projet BEPS OCDE/G20 sur l’érosion de la base d’imposition et le transfert de bénéfices - PRÉVENTION DE L’UTILISATION ABUSIVE DES CONVENTIONS – Deuxième rapport d’examen par les pairs sur le chalandage fiscal. Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS : Action 6 », 2020, 307.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dEepbQ9

░ ▒ │ OHCHR • HCDH │ ▒ ░

✔OHCHR - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. “UN TREATY BODY DATABASE.” Accessed December 9, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dM2nxfm


✔HCDH - Bureau du Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l’homme. « BASE DE DONNÉES RELATIVE AUX ORGANES CONVENTIONNELS DE L’ONU ». Consulté le 9 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/d_Qsv6X

││▒ OHCHR • HCDH ▒││

✔OHCHR - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN is the body of independent experts that monitors implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.,” accessed March 5, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dPQ4TCS


✔HCDH - Bureau du Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l’homme, « LE COMITÉ POUR L’ÉLIMINATION DE LA DISCRIMINATION À L’ÉGARD DES FEMMES est un organe composé d’experts indépendants qui surveille la mise en œuvre de la Convention sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l’égard des femmes. », consulté le 5 mars 2020.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dRpyweM

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs. Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. LAW OF THE SEA. Bulletin No. 100” (United Nations Publication, 2019), 52.


❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/d4eCYbH



✔Nations Unies. Bureau des affaires juridiques. Division des affaires maritimes et du droit de la mer. « DROIT DE LA MER » (Publication des Nations Unies, 2020), 52.

❑Disponible à:
https://shop.un.org/books/droit-de-la-mer-bulletin-38-66161

│░ ▒ European Council • Conseil européen ▒ ░│

✔“Search the Treaties and Agreements database,” European Council - Council of the European Union, accessed February 1, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dUiRR8X

✔« Effectuer une recherche dans la base de données des Traités et Accords », Conseil européen - Conseil de l’Union européenne, consulté le 1 février 2020.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dr3jGbK

| ▒ ▓ | Jus Mundi | ▓ ▒ |

✔Jus Mundi, “1955 TREATY OF AMITY - Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights between the United States of America and Iran (1955).” accessed January 28, 2020,

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dknsD4m


✔Jus Mundi, « TRAITÉ D’AMITIÉ 1955 - Traité d’amitié, de commerce et sur les droits consulaires entre les États-Unis d’Amérique et l’Iran (1955). », consulté le 28 janvier 2020.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/dvmshcE

│▒ ░│ AIATSIS │░ ▒│

✔“The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) is a world-renowned research, collections and publishing organisation. We promote knowledge and understanding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, traditions, languages and stories, past and present.,” AIATSIS - Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, December 2, 2014.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dDjcMR2

│▒│░ Nations Unies • United Nations ░│▒│

✔Section des traités, Bureau des affaires juridiques. Organisation des Nations Unies.« SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS - Recueil des Traités et des Engagements Internationaux enregistrés par le Secrétariat de la Société des Nations », 1920, 416.

❑Disponible à:
https://lnkd.in/deW7qeF



✔Treaty Section, Office of Legal Affairs. United Nations. “LEAGUE OF NATIONS - Treaty Series and International Engagements Registered with the Secretariat of the League of Nations,” 1920, 416.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/deW7qeF

▒│░ African Union • Union Africaine ░│▒│

✔African Capacity Building Foundation - African Union, ‘A Digest of OAU-AU Treaties, Conventions, and Agreements, 1963 to 2014’, 2016, 152.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dJhZwgK

✔Fondation pour le renforcement des capacités en Afrique et Union Africaine, « Un résumé des Traités, Conventions et Accords de lʼOUA-UA de 1963 à 2014 », 2016, 156.

❑ Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dMZci4K

░ C ░ A ░ N ░ A ░ D ░ A ░

✔CIRNAC. Government of Canada. “A HISTORY OF TREATY-MAKING IN CANADA - The impact of treaty making in Canada has been wide-ranging and long standing. The treaties the Crown has signed with Aboriginal peoples since the 18th century have permitted the evolution of Canada as we know it.” 12. Date modified: 2011-09-02.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dA5kR9r

✔RCAANC. Gouvernement du Canada. « L’HISTOIRE DES TRAITÉS AU CANADA - Au Canada, l’établissement des traités a eu des répercussions vastes et de longue durée. Les traités que la Couronne a signés avec les peuples autochtones depuis le XVIIIe siècle ont permis de façonner le Canada tel que nous le connaissons. » 14. Date de modification : 2011-09-02.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dp7RTKc

░ ▒ │ OHCHR • HCDH │ ▒ ░

✔OHCHR - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. “UN TREATY BODY DATABASE.” Accessed December 9, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dM2nxfm

✔HCDH - Bureau du Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l’homme. « BASE DE DONNÉES RELATIVE AUX ORGANES CONVENTIONNELS DE L’ONU ». Consulté le 9 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/d_Qsv6X

▒│ Vatican City State • État de la Cité du Vatican │▒

✔Wikipedia - “VATICAN CITY.” In Wikipedia, December 24, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dihCjeg

✔Wikipedia - „VATIKANSTADT“. In Wikipedia, Dezember 2020.

❑Verfügbar unter:
https://lnkd.in/dfbQvMc

✔Wikipédia - « VATICAN ». Dans Wikipédia, 22 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/dAkYhJJ

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔Treaty Section, Office of Legal Affairs. United Nations. “Chapter XI Transport and Communications. A. Custom Matters 16. CUSTOMS CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT OF GOODS UNDER COVER OF TIR CARNETS (TIR Convention) Geneva, 14 November 1975,” accessed December 23, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/dHZKAxn

✔Section des traités, Bureau des affaires juridiques. Organisation des Nations Unies. « Chapitre XI Transports et Communications. A. Questions douanières 16. CONVENTION DOUANIÈRE RELATIVE AU TRANSPORT INTERNATIONAL DE MARCHANDISES SOUS LE COUVERT DE CARNETS TIR (Convention TIR) Genève, 14 novembre 1975 », consulté le 23 décembre 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://lnkd.in/daiGpqX

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

 ✔United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. “HISTORIC ARCHIVES.” Accessed January 2, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html

✔United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. « ARCHIVES HISTORIQUES ». Consulté le 2 janvier 2020.

❑Disponible à :
https://legal.un.org/avl/intro/introduction.html?tab=3

_{The Historic Archives aims to preserve, in a vivid and informative manner, the audiovisual heritage of the United Nations in the progressive development and codification of international law and thereby promote a better understanding of the essential role of the United Nations in the advancement of the rule of law. The Historic Archives provides a unique multi-media resource for teaching, studying and researching significant legal instruments, on virtually every subject of international law.}

_{Les Archives historiques sont une ressource irremplaçable pour toute activité d’enseignement, d’étude et de recherche portant sur les principaux instruments juridiques du droit international. Chaque entrée est consacrée à un instrument juridique particulier : elle contient une note d’introduction établie par un éminent spécialiste du droit international ou un praticien ayant une très bonne connaissance du sujet, un historique de la procédure d’adoption, des indications sur les documents se rapportant à l’instrument, le texte de l’instrument et son état. Le cas échéant, s’y trouvent joints des documents audiovisuels relatifs à la négociation et à l’adoption de l’instrument lors de réunions ou de conférences diplomatiques.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. OLA - Office of Legal Affairs. “SENEGAL FIRST STATE TO RATIFY ROME STATUTE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases.” United Nations. Last modified February 3, 1999. Accessed November 21, 2020.

❑Available at:
https://lnkd.in/diXd_Fz

✔See also:

❑ICC - International Criminal Court. “Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,” Accessed November 21, 2020.
https://lnkd.in/dDwK8sb

❑CPI - Cour pénale internationale. “Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale,” Consulté le 21 novembre 2020.
https://lnkd.in/d8ceMTF

_{19990203 NEW YORK, 3 February (Office of Legal Affairs) - Senegal has become the first State to ratify the Statute to establish an International Criminal Court, the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs announced today. The instrument of ratification, lodged with the Secretariat on 2 February, has been received two weeks prior to a Preparatory Commission meeting in New York that will discuss arrangements for the operation of the Court once the Statute comes into force. The Statute will come into force when 60 States have ratified it.}

│▒│░ United Nations • Nations Unies ░│▒│

✔United Nations. “LEGAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.” Accessed January 7, 2019.

❑Available at:
https://www.un.org/law/technical/technical.htm

_{The United Nations currently offers Member States technical assistance in connection with a range of legal matters. Such assistance includes the provision of advice, expertise, research, analysis, training or other assistance in connection with, inter alia:}

<sub>- Completion of necessary treaty formalities in relation to becoming party to a treaty;
- Preparation of national legislation and drafting or reviewing of national laws aimed at ensuring compliance with international legal obligations   or implementing United Nations model laws;
- Drafting of non-legislative texts (such as arbitration rules) based on United Nations texts; and
- Increasing familiarity with and appreciation of international law.</sub>

_{Current technical assistance programmes are undertaken in accordance with the mandate of each respective department, office, agency, fund or programme and within the existing financial resources allocated for such purposes under their respective programme budgets.}